Peronism[a] or justicialism[b] is an Argentine political movement based on the ideas and legacy of Argentine presidentJuan Perón (1895–1974).[1] It has been an influential movement in Argentine politics.[1] Since 1946 Peronists have won 10 out of the 13 presidential elections in which they have been allowed to run.[2] The main Peronist party is the Justicialist Party.[2] The ideas of each president were different,[2] but the general ideology has been described as "a vague blend of nationalism and labourism"[2] or populism.[1]
Juan Perón became Argentina's minister of labour after participating in the 1943 military coup and was elected president of Argentina in 1946.[1][3] He introduced social programs that benefited the working class,[4] supported labor unions, and called for additional involvement of the state in the economy.[1] In addition he helped industrialists.[2] Perón was very popular and gained even more admiration through his wife, Eva, who championed for the rights of migrant workers and was loved by the people.[5] Due to rising inflation and other economic problems, the military overthrew Perón in 1955.[6] The Peronist party was banned[6] and it wasn't until 1973 that open elections were held again. In the 1973 election, Perón was again elected president.[1] He died the next year and his widow, Isabel, took his place as president.[1] Similar social reforms to those introduced during Peron's first presidency were carried out by the Peronists upon returning to power in 1973.[7] However, Perón's death had led to disunity and the military overthrew Isabel in 1976.[1]
