Pentane

Pentane is an organic compound with the chemical formula of C5H12. It is an alkane with five carbon atoms. Usually, "pentane" represents all three isomers (n-pe

Pentane
Pentane
Skeletal formula of pentane
Skeletal formula of pentane with all explicit hydrogens added
Pentane 3D ball.png
Pentane 3D spacefill.png
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Pentane
Other names
Quintane[1]
Identifiers
  • 109-66-0 checkY
3D model (JSmol)
Beilstein Reference 969132
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.358
EC Number
  • 203-692-4
Gmelin Reference 1766
MeSH pentane
RTECS number
  • RZ9450000
UNII
UN number 1265
  • CCCCC
Properties[3]
C5H12
Molar mass 72.15 g·mol−1
Appearance Colourless liquid
Odor Gasoline-like[2]
Density 0.626 g mL−1; 0.6262 g mL−1 (at 20 °C)
Melting point −130.5 to −129.1 °C; −202.8 to −200.3 °F; 142.7 to 144.1 K
Boiling point 35.9 to 36.3 °C; 96.5 to 97.3 °F; 309.0 to 309.4 K
40 mg L−1 (at 20 °C)
log P 3.255
Vapor pressure 57.90 kPa (at 20.0 °C)
kH 7.8 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
Acidity (pKa) ~45
Basicity (pKb) ~59
λmax 200 nm
-63.05·10−6 cm3/mol
1.358
Viscosity 0.240 mPa·s (at 20 °C)
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of
formation ΔfHo298 		−174.1–−172.9 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of
combustion ΔcHo298 		−3.5095–−3.5085 MJ mol−1
Standard molar
entropy So298 		263.47 J K−1 mol−1
Specific heat capacity, C 167.19 J K−1 mol−1
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Template:GHS flame Template:GHS exclamation mark Template:GHS health hazard Template:GHS environment
Danger
H225, H304, H336, H411
P210, P261, P273, P301+P310, P331
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineFlammability 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g. propaneInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
1
4
0
Flash point −49.0 °C (−56.2 °F; 224.2 K)
260.0 °C (500.0 °F; 533.1 K)
Explosive limits 1.5–7.8%[2]
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
  • 3 g kg−1 (dermal, rabbit)
  • 5 g kg−1 (oral, mouse)
130,000 mg/m3 (mouse, 30 min)
128,200 ppm (mouse, 37 min)
325,000 mg/m3 (mouse, 2 hr)[4]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 1000 ppm (2950 mg/m3)[2]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 120 ppm (350 mg/m3) C 610 ppm (1800 mg/m3) [15-minute][2]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 1500 ppm[2]
Related compounds
Related alkanes
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)
Infobox references

Pentane is an organic compound with the chemical formula of C
5H
12. It is an alkane with five carbon atoms. Usually, "pentane" represents all three isomers (n-pentane, isopentane and neopentane). But in the IUPAC, pentane only represents n-pentane. In the IUPAC, the other two isomers is 2-methylbutane and 2,2-dimethylpropane. Cyclopentane's chemical formula is C
5H
10, so it is not an isomer of pentane.

Isomers

Common name normal pentane
unbranched pentane
n-pentane 		isopentane neopentane
IUPAC name pentane 2-methylbutane 2,2-dimethylpropane
Molecular
diagram
Skeletal
diagram

Reaction

All isomers of pentane burn with oxygen to make carbon dioxide and water:

C
5H
12+8O
2->5CO
2+6H
2O.

References

  1. ↑ Hofmann, August Wilhelm Von (1 January 1867). "I. On the action of trichloride of phosphorus on the salts of the aromatic monamines". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 15: 54–62. doi:10.1098/rspl.1866.0018. S2CID 98496840. Archived from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018 – via rspl.royalsocietypublishing.org.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0486". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  3. ↑ Record of n-Pentane in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, accessed on 19 April 2011.
  4. ↑ "n-Pentane". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.

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