which does not include all its descendents. Sauropsida without birds is paraphyletic, since birds are definitely descended from archosaurs, probably small...

Cavalier-Smith has exhibited that Sulcozoa is paraphyletic. Apusozoa also looks like it is paraphyletic. Varisulca now includes planomonads, Mantamonas...

Pterygota, are the Palaeoptera and the Neoptera. The Palaeoptera is paraphyletic, and its classification is being discussed. Likewise the Exopterygota...

group tetrapoda, extinct fossil relatives of the crown group. This is a paraphyletic unit covering the fish to tetrapod transition. Tetrapodomorpha contains...

classes occurred around 440 million years ago. The Osteichthyes are paraphyletic with land vertebrates. This is why some classification schemes put the...

suborder Passeri. The term is now not used in taxonomy because it is paraphyletic. This short article about biology can be made longer. You can help Wikipedia...

Palaeodictyopteroidea themselves might also be a paraphyletic assemblage of very basal Pterygota. (probably paraphyletic) Mayfly group Ephemeroptera (mayflies)...

a more rigorous cladistic methodology, the subclass turned out to be paraphyletic. The first three groups formed a monophyletic group, the Entognatha....

diverged earlier than the monocots did. The traditional dicots are a paraphyletic group. The largest clade of the dicotyledons are known as the eudicots...

Novumbra, and Dallia, recent studies have recovered this grouping as paraphyletic, with Novumbra and Dallia being moved to the family Esocidae. This short...

Macaronesia, it occurs on the Canary Islands, and Madeira. The genus is likely paraphyletic. "Tropicos.org". This short article about biology can be made longer...

monophyletic but paraphyletic. The objective of cladistics is to block out monophyletic clades. Therefore, the elements of a paraphyletic group must be rearranged...

other taxonomists argue that there is a valid place for groups that are paraphyletic. These would contain their most recent common ancestor but not all the...

longer good, and is less used. Paraphyletic and polyphyletic taxa often represent evolutionary grades. In some cases paraphyletic taxa are united simply by...

million years ago). The group is an evolutionary grade (a polyphyletic or paraphyletic group) of species which look rather similar. The name describes the pattern...

Jelly fungi are a paraphyletic group of several fungal orders from different classes of the subphylum Agaricomycotina. The name comes from their form,...

are evolutionary grades rather than clades. Examples of demonstrably paraphyletic groups include the Perciformes. also called the Percomorphi or Acanthopteri...

The Nematophytes are a paraphyletic group of land organisms, probably including some plants as well as algae. They are known only from the fossil record...

common ancestor, but leaves out some of its descendants, it is called paraphyletic. All living things on this planet are thought, on the basis of DNA analysis...

have cell walls. On phylogenetic trees, the first two groups show up as paraphyletic or polyphyletic, as do their main genera, Clostridium and Bacillus. Firmicutes...

However, some research has proposed that most silesaurids were either a paraphyletic grade or an early diverging clade of ornithischian dinosaurs. Silesaurids...

called Nautiloidea sensu lato. Cladistically speaking, nautiloids are a paraphyletic group united by shared primitive (basal) features not found in derived...

different possible evolutionary trees for these insects. (a) Mecoptera is paraphyletic, containing Siphonaptera: (b) Mecoptera is monophyletic, sister to Siphonaptera:...

The results show that the Protista is not a monophyletic group. It is paraphyletic, and not a single clade. The taxonomy of the Protista is therefore rather...

South America. The type genus is Galega. Genetic evidence says it is paraphyletic. Subtribe Alhagiinae Alhagi Gagnebin Subtribe Astragalinae Astragalus...

supposed to be monophyletic. By definition, wastebasket taxa are either paraphyletic or polyphyletic. Their name may still be very useful to biologists, because...

considered members of their own titular genus, rendering the genus Bos paraphyletic. Yaks are herd animals. This means they live in groups called herds....

that lives in the New World. (All other New World marsupials are in the paraphyletic "Ameridelphia.") The species is active at night and lives in trees. Its...

for the eurypterids; now, with the Xiphosura added, it is known to be paraphyletic. Although the name Merostomata is still seen in textbooks, without reference...

given by a few lines outside the songbirds. This is now known to be a paraphyletic group and so it is not used in modern systematics. Menuridae Menuridae:...

along the coasts of Europe, Greenland, and North America. The group is a paraphyletic because it gave rise to the two separate modern suborders. "Archaeoceti"...

might have also have eaten eggs and fruits. Some experts think it is a paraphyletic taxon. In other words, they think the name Miacis covers a number of...

species to be found in the fossil record. Holostei was thought to be paraphyletic before. However, a recent study said that they are the closest living...

Cretaceous. It is one of the few families that were formerly placed in the paraphyletic order Pholidophoriformes. Pleuropholids can be distinguished from other...

The Agnatha is an infraphylum of fish. It is paraphyletic. This means it is a convenient catch-all term, which does not follow the rules of cladistics...

snakes; Amphisbaenia, the worm lizards. Of these, the lizards form a paraphyletic group. In newer classifications the name Sauria is used for reptiles...

many palaeobotanists today regard pteridosperms as little more than a paraphyletic 'grade-group'. Does the concept of pteridosperms have any value today...

(simians). "Monkey" was never a taxonomic name: it is a common name for a paraphyletic group. Its members are in the infraorder Simiiformes. Primate Simian...

known, respectively, as pelycosaurs and therapsids. Pelycosaurs are a paraphyletic group of six primitive families of synapsids.120 They were all rather...

ruminant. Suborder Ruminantia Family †Amphimerycidae Infraorder Tragulina (paraphyletic) Family †Prodremotheriidae Family †Hypertragulidae Family †Praetragulidae...

fossil record only, and it is unclear whether they form a monophyletic or paraphyletic group. When assumed to be a clade, they are usually grouped under the...

Australo-Pacific ratites. If so, this would make 'ratites', as a whole, paraphyletic rather than monophyletic. Since tinamous are weak fliers, this raises...

rapid, drastic reorganization of the body plan. The Chondrostei are paraphyletic. The group does not contain all of its descendants. Therefore, it is...

extinction event.p270 This classification is simple, but unfortunately it is paraphyletic, because the two suborders are not sister groups. But there is not enough...

Fishes of the World states that the Pomacentrinae is most likely to be paraphyletic but does not break the subfamily into different lineages. Other authorities...

many species as it spread across the world. The genus Drosophila is paraphyletic because several genera (with many species), such as Zaprionus, Scaptomyza...

classified the genus as synonym of Carcharodon. Cosmopolitodus might be paraphyletic so Carcharodon hastalis, Carcharodon planus, and Carcharodon planus are...

Panderodontidae Lindström, 1970 Prioniodontida Dzik, 1976 [Distacodontida] (paraphyletic) ?Acodontidae Dzik, 1993 [Tripodontinae Sweet, 1988] ?Cahabagnathidae...

Phylum: Chordata Clade: Olfactores Subphylum: Vertebrata J-B. Lamarck, 1801 Infraphylums Agnatha (paraphyletic) Gnathostomata Synonyms Ossea Batsch, 1788...

clades and traditional groups. Monophyletic groups are in black and paraphyletic in blue. Diagram according to the symbiogenesis origin of plant cells...

Phylum: Chordata Haeckel, 1874 Subgroups †Vetulocystidae? †Vetulicolia? (Paraphyletic?) †Yunnanozoon? †Cathaymyrus †Pikaia Cephalochordata Olfactores Tunicata...

fleas) Remipedia Hexapoda Protura (coneheads) Collembola (springtails) Diplura (two-pronged bristletails) Insecta (insects) italic are paraphyletic groups...

Rabbits and bunnies are mammals of the order Lagomorpha. There are about fifty different species of rabbits and hares. The order Lagomorpha is made of...

Actinopterygii 400 mya part of Chondrostei. So the former "Chondrostei" is paraphyletic (not a clade), and has been broken up by more recent studies. Polypteridae...

Formicinae A phylogeny of the living ant subfamilies. *Cerapachyinae is paraphyletic ‡ The previous dorylomorph subfamilies were synonymized under Dorylinae...

first was genetically distinct from other Theloderma and made the genus paraphyletic. Scientists studied Theloderma moloch more and caught more frogs. They...

fleas) Remipedia Hexapoda Protura (coneheads) Collembola (springtails) Diplura (two-pronged bristletails) Insecta (insects) italic are paraphyletic groups...

Peripatidae are into a clade named Neopatida (since so many in that group are paraphyletic). As of 2023, there are around 232 total living species of velvet worm...

synonym of Pseudis. Later, more teams of scientists said Pseudis was not paraphyletic to Lysapsus, so making Lysapsus a junior synonym would not be good. Frost...

Phylum: Annelida Lamarck, 1809 Classes and subclasses Class Polychaeta (paraphyletic?) Class Clitellata*    Oligochaeta – earthworms, etc.    Acanthobdellida...

Orders †Aepyornithiformes Apterygiformes Casuariiformes †Dinornithiformes †Lithornithiformes (paraphyletic?) Rheiformes Struthioniformes Tinamiformes...

Superorder: Euarchontoglires Grandorder: Euarchonta Mirorder: Primatomorpha Beard, 1991 Orders Dermoptera Pan-Primates †Plesiadapiformes (Paraphyletic) Primates...

fleas) Remipedia Hexapoda Protura (coneheads) Collembola (springtails) Diplura (two-pronged bristletails) Insecta (insects) italic are paraphyletic groups...

Evosida Cutosa Cutosea Conosa Archamoebae Archamoebea Semiconosa Variosea (paraphyletic) Dictyostelea Ceratiomyxomycetes Myxomycetes Synonyms Eumycetozoa Zopf...

Class: Reptilia Order: Squamata Infraorder: Scincomorpha Family: Scincidae Gray, 1825 Subfamilies Acontinae Lygosominae Scincinae (probably paraphyletic)...

fleas) Remipedia Hexapoda Protura (coneheads) Collembola (springtails) Diplura (two-pronged bristletails) Insecta (insects) italic are paraphyletic groups...

fleas) Remipedia Hexapoda Protura (coneheads) Collembola (springtails) Diplura (two-pronged bristletails) Insecta (insects) italic are paraphyletic groups...

groups (called clades). It also shows that the whole Eremophila group is paraphyletic, meaning it includes some but not all descendants, because other related...

Rhinovirus is the most common virus in humans, and the main cause of the common cold. It is called 'rhinovirus' because it infects the nose. The symptoms...

Ichthyostega, the nominal genus. Scientific classification (obsolete as paraphyletic) Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Clade: Tetrapoda Order: †Ichthyostegalia...