This is a list of rulers of Tuscany.
The rulers of Tuscany have varied over time, sometimes being margraves, the rulers of handfuls of border counties and sometimes the heads of the most important family of the region!
Margraves of Tuscany, 812–1197
- House of Boniface
- These were originally counts of Lucca who extended their power over the neighbouring counties
- House of Boso
- These were the (mostly illegitimate) relatives of Hugh of Arles, King of Italy, whom he appointed to their post after removing the dynasty of Boniface
Various
House of Canossa
- These were the descendants of the Counts of Canossa
Various
After this, Tuscany was splintered between the competing republics of Florence, Pisa, Siena, Arezzo, Pistoia and Lucca. Since the 14th century, Florence gained dominance over Pistoia (1306, officially annexed 1530), Arezzo (1384), Pisa (1406), and Siena (1559). Lucca was an independent republic until the Napoleonic period in the 19th century
Rulers of Florence, 1434-1569
De facto rulers of the House of Medici, 1434-1531
Dukes of Florence, 1531-1569
- Alessandro 1532-1537
- Cosimo I 1537-1569
Medici Grand Dukes of Tuscany, 1569-1737
- Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1569-1574
- Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1574-1587
- Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1587-1609
- Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1609-1621
- Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1621-1670
- Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1670-1723
- Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1723-1737
Habsburg-Lorraine Grand Dukes of Tuscany, 1737-1801
- Francesco II Stefano of Lorraine, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1737-1765
- Pietro Leopoldo I of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1765-1790
- Ferdinando III of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1790-1801
Bourbon Kings of Etruria, 1801-1807
- Lodovico I of Parma, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1801-1803
- Carlo Lodovico II of Parma, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1803-1807
Tuscany was given to France, 1807-1814. Napoleon's sister Elisa Bonaparte was given the honorary title of Grand Duchess of Tuscany, but did not actually rule over the region.
Habsburg-Lorraine Grand Dukes of Tuscany, 1814-1860
- Ferdinando III of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany (27 April 1814 - 18 June 1824)
- Leopoldo II of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany (18 June 1824 - 21 July 1859) son of Ferdinando III.
- Ferdinando IV of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany (21 July 1859 - 22 March 1860) son of Leopoldo II
Leopoldo II was driven from Tuscany by revolution from 21 February to 12 April 1849, and again on 27 April 1859. He abdicated in favor of his son, Ferdinando IV, on 21 July 1859, but Ferdinando IV was never recognised in Tuscany, and was deposed by the government on 16 August. Tuscany was annexed by Kingdom of Sardinia, on 22 March 1860
Titular Grand Dukes, 1860-present
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