List of countries in the 1850s

Sovereign states

A

• Afghanistan – Emirate of Afghanistan
  Capital: Kabul
•  Andorra – Principality of Andorra
  Capital: Andorra la Vella
•  Angoche – Angoche Sultanate
  Capital: Angoche
• Anhalt-Bernburg – Duchy of Anhalt-Bernburg
  Capital: Bernburg
• Anhalt-Dessau – Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau
  Capital: Dessau
• Ankole – Kingdom of Ankole
  Capital: Mbarara
• Annam – Empire of Annam
  Capital: Huế
•  Anziku – Anziku Kingdom
  Capital: Monsol
•  Argentina – Argentine Confederation
  Capital: Paraná, Entre Ríos (from 1853)
• Aro – Aro Confederacy
  Capital: Arochukwu
•  Ashanti – Asante Union
  Capital: Kumasi
•  Aussa – Sultanate of Aussa
  Capital: Asaita
•  Austrian Empire – Austrian Empire
  Capital: Vienna

B

•  Baden – Grand Duchy of Baden
  Capital: Karlsruhe
•  Baguirmi – Kingdom of Baguirmi
  Capital: Massenya
•  Bamana – Bambara Empire
  Capital: Ségou
•  Baol – Kingdom of Baol
  Capital: Diourbel
• Barotseland – Kingdom of Barotseland
•  Basutoland – Kingdom of Basutoland
•  Baté Empire – Baté Empire
  Capital: Kankan
•  Bavaria – Kingdom of Bavaria
  Capital: Munich
•  Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium
  Capital: Brussels
•  Benin – Benin Empire
  Capital: Benin City
•  Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan
  Capital: Thimphu
• Bohemia – Kingdom of Bohemia
  Capital: Prague
• → Bolivia – Bolivian Republic
  Capital: La Paz
• Bora Bora – Kingdom of Bora Bora
  Capital: Vaitape
• Bornu – Bornu Empire
  Capital: Ngazargamu
•  Brazil – Empire of Brazil
  Capital: Rio de Janeiro
•  Bremen – Free City of Bremen
• British India - Indian Empire
  Capital: Calcutta
•  Brunei – Sultanate of Brunei
•  Brunswick – Duchy of Brunswick
• Buganda – Kingdom of Buganda
• Bukhara – Emirate of Bukhara
•  Bundu - State of Bundu to 1858
• Bunyoro – Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara
• Burma – Kingdom of Burma
•  Burundi – Kingdom of Burundi

C

• Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia
•  Cayor – Kingdom of Cayor
• Central Italy – United Provinces of Central Italy (from December 8)
•  Chile – Republic of Chile
•  China – Great Qing Empire

Cook Islands Rarotonga

•  Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica
• Couto Misto
• Croatia – Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg) (In Personal union with Kingdom of Hungary)

D

•  Dahomey – Kingdom of Dahomey
•  Dendi – Dendi Kingdom
•  Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark
•  Dominican Republic – Dominican Republic

E

•  Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador
• El Salvador – El Salvador
•  Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire

F

•  Fiji – Tui Viti
•  Finland – Grand Duchy of Finland
• France
  • French Republic (to December 2, 1852)
  • French Empire (from December 2, 1852)
• Frankfurt – Free City of Frankfurt
•  Futa Jallon – Imamate of Futa Jallon
•  Futa Toro – Imamate of Futa Toro

G

• Garhwal – Garhwal Kingdom
•  Garo – Kingdom of Garo
•  Gaza – Gaza Empire
•  Gera – Kingdom of Gera
•  Gomma – Kingdom of Gomma
• Granadine Confederation – Granadine Confederation (from May 22, 1858)
• Greece – Kingdom of Greece
• → → Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala
•  Gumma – Kingdom of Gumma
•  Gyaaman – State of Gyaaman

H

• Ha'il – Emirate of Ha'il
• → Haiti
  • Empire of Haiti (to January 15, 1859)
  • Republic of Haiti (from January 15, 1859)
•  Hamburg – Free city of Hamburg
•  Hanover – Kingdom of Hanover
• Hawaii – Kingdom of Hawaii
• Hesse-Darmstadt – Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine
• Hesse-Homburg – Landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg
• Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) – Electorate of Hesse
• Hohenzollern-Hechingen – Principality of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (to April 8, 1850)
• Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen – Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (to April 6, 1850)
• Holstein – Duchy of Holstein
•  Honduras – Republic of Honduras
• Huahine – Kingdom of Huahine
• Hungary – Kingdom of Hungary
•   Huraa – Huraa dynasty
•  Hyderabad State (princely state of British India)

J

•  Janjero – Kingdom of Janjero
•  Japan – Tokugawa shogunate
•  Jimma – Kingdom of Jimma
• Johor – Johor Sultanate
•  Jolof – Jolof Kingdom

K

•  Kaabu – Kingdom of Kaabu
•  Kabulistan – Kingdom of Kabul (from 1858)
•  Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa
• Kathiri – Kathiri Sultanate of Seiyun in Hadramaut
•  Kénédougou – Kénédougou Kingdom
•  Khasso – Kingdom of Khasso
• Khiva – Khanate of Khiva
•  Kokand – Khanate of Kokand
•  Kong – Kong Empire
• Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo
• → Korea – Kingdom of Great Joseon
•  Koya Temne – Kingdom of Koya

L

•  Liberia – Republic of Liberia
• →  Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
• Limburg – Duchy of Limburg
•  Limmu-Ennarea – Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea
• Lippe – Principality of Lippe-Detmoldt
•  Loango – Kingdom of Loango
• Lombardy-Venetia – Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia
•  Luba – Luba Empire
• Lubeck – Free City of Lubeck
•  Lunda – Lunda Empire
•  Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

M

•  Maldives – Sultanate of Maldives
• Mangareva – Kingdom of Mangareva
•  Manipur – Kingdom of Manipur
• Maryland – State of Maryland in Africa^[1] (from 29 May 1854 to 18 March 1857)
•  Massina – Massina Empire
•  Matabeleland – Matabele Kingdom
• Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
• Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
•  Mexico – Republic of Mexico
•  Mindanao – Sultanate of Maguindanao
• Modena – Duchies of Modena and Reggio
• Moldavia - Principality of Moldavia
•  Monaco – Principality of Monaco
• → Montenegro
  • Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro (to March 13, 1852)
  • Principality of Montenegro (from March 13, 1852)
•  Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco
• Muscat and Oman – Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (from 1856)

N

• Nassau – Duchy of Nassau
• Negeri Sembilan – Negeri Sembilan
• Nejd – Emirate of Nejd
• Nepal - Kingdom of Nepal
•  Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands
• New Granada – Republic of New Granada (renamed Granadine Confederation on May 22, 1858)
• → → Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua
• Norway – Kingdom of Norway (in personal union with Sweden)
•  Nri – Kingdom of Nri

O

• Oldenburg – Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
•  Orange Free State – Republic of Orange Free State (from February 17, 1854)
•  Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State
•  Ouaddai – Ouaddai Empire
•  Oyo – Oyo Empire

P

• Pahang – Sultanate of Pahang
•  Papal States – States of the Church
•  Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay
•  Parma – Duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla (to December 8, 1859)
• Perak – Sultanate of Perak
• Persia – Sublime State of Persia
•  Peru – Peruvian Republic
• Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal
•  Prussia – Kingdom of Prussia

Q

• Qu'aiti – Qu'aiti Sultanate of Shihr and Muqalla in Hadramaut

R

• Raiatea – Kingdom of Raiatea
•  Rapa Nui – Kingdom of Rapa Nui
• Rarotonga – Kingdom of Rarotonga (from 1858)
• Reuss Elder Line – Principality of Reuss Elder Line
• Reuss Junior Line – Principality of Reuss Junior Line
• →  Russia – Russian Empire
•  Rwanda – Kingdom of Rwanda
•  Ryūkyū Kingdom – Kingdom of Ryūkyū

S

•  Samoa – Kingdom of Samoa
• San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
•  Sarawak – Kingdom of Sarawak
•  Sardinia – Kingdom of Sardinia
• Saxe-Altenburg – Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg
• Saxe-Coburg-Gotha – Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
• Saxe-Meiningen – Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen
• Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
•  Saxony – Kingdom of Saxony
• Schaumburg-Lippe – Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe
• Schleswig – Duchy of Schleswig
• Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
• Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
• Selangor – Sultanate of Selangor
• Serbia – Principality of Serbia
•  Siam – Kingdom of Siam
•  Sikkim – Chogyalate of Sikkim
• Sokoto – Sokoto Caliphate

South African Republic Transvaal

•  Spain – Kingdom of Spain
• Sulu – Sultanate of Sulu
•  Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden (in personal union with Norway)
•   Switzerland – Swiss Confederation

T

• Tahiti – Kingdom of Tahiti
•  Tonga – Tu'i Tonga
• Toro – Toro Kingdom
•  Toucouleur – Toucouleur Empire
•  Transvaal – South African Republic (from June 27, 1856)
• Tuscany – Grand Duchy of Tuscany
•  Two Sicilies – Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

U

•  United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
• →  United States – United States of America
• United States of the Ionian Islands – United States of the Ionian Islands
•  Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay

V

• → →  Venezuela – Republic of Venezuela

W

• Waldeck-Pyrmont – Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont
•  Welayta – Kingdom of Welayta
•  Württemberg – Kingdom of Württemberg

Y

• Yeke – Yeke Kingdom (from 1856)

Z

•  Zululand – Sublime State of Persia

Non-sovereign territories

Oldenburg

• Lordship of In- and Kniphausen, protectorate of Oldenburg to 1854.

United Kingdom

•  Cape Colony – Cape of Good Hope

States claiming sovereignty

• Aceh – Sultanate of Aceh
• Germany – German Empire (to November 29, 1850)
•  Goust – Republic of Goust
• State of Buenos Aires (from September 11, 1852)
• Taiping Heavenly Kingdom - Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace (from January 11, 1851)
• Tavolara – Kingdom of Tavolara

Political entities in the 19th century
Preceded by 1840s	Political entities in the 1850s	Succeeded by 1860s

References

1. official name in quotes near bottom of page "About Maryland". Archived from the original on 2010-01-11. Retrieved 2010-01-29.