Interface

An interface or shell is what the user uses^[1] on an operating system to make the computer do tasks, like writing a document, or loading a web page. There are two types of interfaces, a command line interface (CLI for short) - where people write commands to make the computer perform tasks, or a graphical user interface (GUI for short), where people use their Computer mouse to click on buttons to perform tasks.

Command line interface

A command line interface. This one is called Bash, and is used in Linux.

See Command line interface.

Command line interfaces ask the user to type in commands in a text-based environment, not allowing images, like the screen image to the right.^[2]

For example, if the user wanted the computer to say "Hello World", he or she would:

1. have to type in what tells the computer that this is a command (we will use "say")
2. then have to tell the computer what to "say" ("Hello World" in quotation marks)
3. then press Enter or Return, giving the command to the computer, which is say "Hello World", so the computer prints Hello World.

This is hard to use for most people, mostly because when the user has to do a long command, he or she can miss a letter or two, so the computer shows an error, and he or she has to do it all over again, which can waste hours.

Graphical user interface

See Graphical user interface.

Graphical user interfaces are instead made of not only text, but also images. The first computer to do this was the Apple Lisa (1983).

The following operating systems can use graphical user interfaces:

• Microsoft Windows
• Mac OS X
• Linux^[3] distributions, such as Ubuntu

Since the top operating systems (listed above) use graphical user interfaces, they are seen on every computer. Anyone can still use a command line interface on any computer very easily.

Related pages

• Apple Macintosh is the original Macintosh was the first economic computer with a GUI
• Xerox Alto is a very first computer with a GUI—but it wasn't easy to use
• Microsoft Windows

References

1. Interfaces are not only for the end user (average computer user), everybody uses interfaces!
2. Computers still could do good graphics at the time. Take old computer games as an example. If the user saw a car, instead of ASCII art, the user would most likely get a car "drawn" on the screen.
3. Linux is not an operating system, but a kernel (the core of an operating system).