Higher dimension

In mathematics, higher dimensions means any mathematical space with more than the three common dimensions of real physical space. Even though people only see and interact with objects in three dimensions, higher dimensions are still useful in physics, engineering, and making mathematical models.

Notable higher dimensional spaces

In physics, Minkowski space represents spacetime as a vector space in four dimensions, usually written with the four variables $(ct,x,y,z)$ . Minkowski space is a pseudo-Euclidean space that does not have the same definition of distance as Euclidean geometry.
Quaternions are a four-dimensional analogue of the complex numbers that are used to model rotation in three-dimensional space. They are a more general version of complex numbers, and can be made from complex numbers the same way that complex numbers are made from real numbers (the Cayley-Dickson construction).

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