Gandāra

Achaemenid Gandhāra 𐎥𐎭𐎠𐎼 Gaⁿdāra  (Old Persian)
Satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire
c. 535 BCE–c. 338 BCE
Gandāra was the easternmost territory of the Achaemenid Empire
History
Government
• Type	Monarchy
King or King of Kings
• c. 535-530 BCE	Cyrus II (first)
• 359/8–338 BCE	Artaxerxes III (last)
Historical era	Achaemenid era
• Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley	c. 535 BCE
• Disestablished	August/September c. 338 BCE
Preceded by Succeeded by Gandhāra Kamboja Kingdom of Taxiles Kingdom of Porus Gandaris Peucelaotis Kingdom of Abisares Kingdom of Assacani

Gandāra, or Gadāra in Achaemenid inscriptions (Old Persian cuneiform: 𐎥𐎭𐎠𐎼, Gadāra^[1] was one of the easternmost places of the Achaemenid Empire in South Asia, following the Achaemenid invasion of the Indus Valley. It appears in various Achaemenid writings such as the Behistun Inscription, or the DNa inscription of Darius the Great.^[2]

References

1. Some sounds are omitted in the writing of Old Persian, and are shown with a raised letter.Old Persian p.164Old Persian p.13. In particular Old Persian nasals such as "n" were omitted in writing before consonants Old Persian p.17Old Persian p.25
2. Perfrancesco Callieri, INDIA ii. Historical Geography, Encyclopaedia Iranica, 15 December 2004.