Engystomops

Engystomops

Engystomops
Engystomops petersi
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Leptodactylidae
Genus: Engystomops
Jiménez de la Espada, 1872
Species

9 (see text)

Synonyms[1]

Microphryne Peters, 1873

Engystomops is a group of frogs in the family Leptodactylidae.[1] People call them foam frogs[1] or túngara frogs in English.[2] though the latter name most commonly refers to Engystomops pustulosus. They are native to the Americas from southern Mexico south to the Amazon Basin.[1][2]

Scientists put this group by itself until 1970, when they made it the same group as Physalaemus. As studies progressed, there was increasing evidence that Physalaemus was not a monophyletic group; it was made up of several groups. Then the scientists studied all the frogs more closely. In 2005, they made Engystomops its own group again because of the shapes of the frogs' bodies and sounds the frogs made, chemicals the frogs made, and other DNA. They put two newly learned-of frog species in the group at that time.[3]

Bodies

These frogs are about 1.5[3] or 1.6[4] to 3.5[4] or 3.8[3] centimeters long.

These frogs live on the forest floor. They have young in pools of water that dry up for part of the year, sometimes even puddles.[2] They build nests out of bubbles, called foam nests. During mating, the male frog releases sperm while the female releases eggs and a protein-rich fluid. The male moves his legs to turn the fluid into a foam with his feet. The eggs stay safe in the foam. Some of the proteins in the foam are good for keeping other things strong. Scientists thin other chemicals in the foam could kill germs and parasites.[5]

Scientists sometimes study sexual selection and communication in these frogs.[6] For example, the male frogs make nests, which makes the female frogs more likely to choose them.[7]

As of early 2018, there are nine species in this group:[1]

It has been suggested that E. pustulosus is a really two or more species that look the same,[6] and E. petersi may be too.[9]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Frost, Darrel R. (2017). "Engystomops Jiménez de la Espada, 1872". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Romero-Carvajal, Andrés; Sáenz-Ponce, Natalia; Venegas-Ferrín, Michael; Almeida-Reinoso, Diego; Lee, Chanjae; Bond, Jennifer; Ryan, Michael J.; Wallingford, John B. & del Pino, Eugenia M. (2009). "Embryogenesis and laboratory maintenance of the foam-nesting túngara frogs, genus Engystomops (= Physalaemus)". Developmental Dynamics. 238 (6): 1444–54. doi:10.1002/dvdy.21952. PMC 2934778. PMID 19384855.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Nascimiento, L. B.; Caramaschi, U. & Cruz, C. A. G. (2005). "Taxonomic review of the species groups of the genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 with revalidation of the genera Engystomops Jiménez de la Espada, 1872 and Eupemphix Steindachner, 1863 (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylae)" (PDF). Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. 63 (2): 297–320. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2026-06-01.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Ron, S. R. (2008). "The evolution of female mate choice for complex calls in túngara frogs" (PDF). Animal Behaviour. 76 (6): 1783–94. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.07.024. S2CID 53203527. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2026-06-01.
  5. ↑ Fleming, R. I.; MacKenzie, C. D.; Cooper, A. & Kennedy, M. W. (2009). "Foam nest components of the tungara frog: A cocktail of proteins conferring physical and biological resilience". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 276 (1663): 1787–1795. doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.1939. PMC 2674504. PMID 19324764.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Ron, Santiago R.; Santos, Juan C. & Cannatella, David C. (2006). "Phylogeny of the túngara frog genus Engystomops (=Physalaemus pustulosus species group; Anura: Leptodactylidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 39 (2): 392–403. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.11.022. PMID 16446105.
  7. ↑ Narváez, Andrea E.; Ron, Santiago R. (2017-01-25). "Spawning behaviour of Engystomops pustulatus (Anura: Leptodactylidae)". Journal of Natural History. 51 (3–4): 267–275. doi:10.1080/00222933.2016.1251983. ISSN 0022-2933. S2CID 89077200.
  8. ↑ Ron, Santiago R.; Toral, Eduardo; Rivera, Myrian & Terán-Valdez, Andrea (2010). "A new species of Engystomops (Anura: Leiuperidae) from southwestern Ecuador". Zootaxa. 2606 (1): 25–49. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2606.1.2.
  9. ↑ Azevedo Brito, C. P. T. (2009). Estudo citogenetico e das relações filogeneticas de Engystomops petersi e Engystomops sp. (Anura, Leiuperidae) (Thesis). Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Retrieved 2026-06-01.{{cite thesis}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

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