Cisplatin, historically called Peyrone's salt,[1] is a drug used in chemotherapy to treat many types of cancer.[2]
Cisplatin, historically called Peyrone's salt,[1] is a drug used in chemotherapy to treat many types of cancer.[2]
Cisplatin is a coordination complex of platinum with amine and chloride ligands. It has the chemical name cis-diamminodichloridoplatinum(II) and chemical formula Pt(NH3)2Cl2. It is specifically the cis isomer of this compound: the trans isomer, transplatin, does not have any effect on cancer. There is also a polymeric isomer called Magnus's green salt.
Since its discovery in 1845,[3] cisplatin has been made from potassium tetrachloroplatinate. Three different routes have been used since the 20th century.[4] The first modern preparation was published by George B. Kauffman, and reacted potassium tetrachloroplatinate directly with aqueous ammonia:[1]
A more advanced preparation uses ammonium acetate instead:[5][better source needed]
These methods also make Magnus's green salt as an impurity. To avoid this impurity, a more complicated synthesis developed by S.C. Dhara first makes potassium tetraiodoplatinate in situ:[5][better source needed]
The stronger cis effect of the iodide ligand means that the iodide relative of Magnus's green salt is not made. To change the iodido complex back to cisplatin, aqueous silver nitrate is used to precipitate silver iodide, making the cationic complex [Pt(NH3)2(H2O)2]2+:[6]
This complex is then treated with a chloride source to make cisplatin.
The Dhara process is the main route used to make cisplatin today.[4]
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