Bob Dole

Bob Dole
Official portrait, 1990s
Senate Majority Leader
In office
January 3, 1995 – June 11, 1996
PresidentBill Clinton
DeputyTrent Lott
Preceded byGeorge Mitchell
Succeeded byTrent Lott
In office
January 3, 1985 – January 3, 1987
PresidentRonald Reagan
DeputyAlan Simpson
Preceded byHoward Baker
Succeeded byRobert Byrd
Senate Minority Leader
In office
January 3, 1987 – January 3, 1995
DeputyAlan Simpson
Preceded byRobert Byrd
Succeeded byTom Daschle
Chair of the Republican National Committee
In office
January 15, 1971 – January 19, 1973
Preceded byRogers Morton
Succeeded byGeorge H. W. Bush
United States Senator
from Kansas
In office
January 3, 1969 – June 11, 1996
Preceded byFrank Carlson
Succeeded bySheila Frahm
Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
from Kansas
In office
January 3, 1961 – January 3, 1969
Preceded byWint Smith
Succeeded byKeith Sebelius
Constituency6th district (1961–1963)
1st district (1963–1969)
Member of the Kansas House of Representatives
from the 81st district
In office
January 9, 1951 – January 13, 1953
Preceded byElmo J. Mahoney
Succeeded byR. C. Williams
Personal details
Born
Robert Joseph Dole

(1923-07-22)July 22, 1923
Russell, Kansas, U.S.
DiedDecember 5, 2021(2021-12-05) (aged 98)
Washington, D.C., U.S.
Cause of deathLung cancer
Resting placeArlington National Cemetery
Political partyRepublican
Spouse(s)
Phyllis Holden
​
​
(m. 1948; div. 1972)​

​
(m. 1975)​
Children1
EducationWashburn University (BA, LLB)
Signature
Military service
Allegiance United States
Branch/service United States Army
Years of service1942–1948
Rank Colonel
Unit10th Mountain Division
Battles/warsWorld War II (WIA)
AwardsBronze Star
Purple Heart
Other offices

Robert Joseph Dole (July 22, 1923 – December 5, 2021) was an American politician and lawyer. Dole was the United States Senator from Kansas between 1969 and 1996. He was a member of the Republican Party. He was the Republican Leader of the United States Senate from 1985 until 1996. Before Dole's Senate career, he was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1961 to 1969. Dole was the Republican nominee for Vice President in the 1976 election and for President in the 1996 election.

Dole was born and raised in Russell, Kansas, where he began with a career in law. Dole was in the United States Army during World War II. He was the Russell County Attorney for a short time until he won election to the House of Representatives in 1960. In 1968, Dole was elected to the Senate. He was chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1971 to 1973, and chairman of the Senate Finance Committee from 1981 to 1985. Dole was the Senate Majority Leader from 1985 to 1987 and from 1995 to 1996.

President Gerald Ford chose Dole as his running mate in the 1976 election after Vice President Nelson Rockefeller did not want to be Ford's vice president. Ford lost the election to Democrat Jimmy Carter in the general election. Dole ran for the Republican presidential nomination in 1980 but quickly dropped out of the race. Dole ran again for the nomination in the 1988 Republican primaries but lost to Vice President George H. W. Bush. He won the Republican nomination in 1996, however lost in the general election to President Bill Clinton. Dole resigned from the Senate during the 1996 campaign and did not run for public office again after the election.

After retiring from the Senate, Dole appeared in commercials and television programs. In 2012, he wanted the Senate to pass the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which did not happen. Dole was a member of the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation.[1] He also worked for the law firm Alston & Bird.[2] On January 17, 2018, Dole was honored with the Congressional Gold Medal. Dole was married to former U.S. Senator Elizabeth Dole of North Carolina.

Early life

Dole was born on July 22, 1923, in Russell, Kansas.[3] His parents were Bina M. (née Talbott; 1904–1983) and Doran Ray Dole (1901–1975).[4][5] He lived in Russell during his political career.[6]

Dole graduated from Russell High School in the spring of 1941.[7][8] Bob Dole went to the University of Kansas.[9] While at the University of Kansas, Dole played for the basketball team, the track team, and the football team.[9][10] In 1942 he was a teammate of future Tennessee Titans owner Bud Adams.[11] While in college, he joined Kappa Sigma.[12][13]

Dole left college and joined the United States Army during World War II in 1942.[14] In April 1945, while in combat near Castel d'Aiano southwest of Bologna, Italy, Dole was seriously wounded by Nazis.[15] He was shot in his upper back and right arm.[15] He was injured because he tried to help a radioman.[12][16] His recovery was slow because he had many health problems caused by his injuries.[12] Dole recovered from his injuries and was honored with two Purple Hearts and the Bronze Star.[12][16] He was unable to move his right arm and had numbness in his left arm.[16]

Dole later went to the University of Arizona from 1948 to 1949, before transferring to Washburn University.[17] He graduated with both undergraduate and law degrees in 1952.[17]

Early political career

Dole ran for office for the first time in 1950,[18] and was elected to the Kansas House of Representatives.[19] In 1952, he became the County Attorney of Russell County.[20] In 1960, Dole was elected to the United States House of Representatives from Kansas' 6th congressional district.[21] After his first term, Kansas lost a congressional district.[21] Most of Dole's district was added with the 2nd district to create a new 1st district.[21] Dole was elected from this district in 1962 and was reelected two more times.[21]

During his time as a U.S. Representative, Dole voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1968.[22][23] He also voted for the Voting Rights Act of 1965.[24]

U.S. Senate, 1969–1996

In 1968, Dole won the United States Senate election against former Kansas Governor William H. Avery.[18] He ran to replace Senator Frank Carlson.[25][18] Dole was re-elected in 1974, 1980, 1986, and 1992.[26]

While in the Senate, Dole was a strong supporter of the Vietnam War.[27] He attacked Democratic Senator George McGovern for not supporting the war.[27] He was chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1971 until 1973.[28] He was also on the Agriculture Committee from 1975 until 1978.[29] He was the chairman of the Finance Committee from 1981 until 1985.[30] In November 1984, Dole was elected Senate Majority leader, beating Ted Stevens by 28 to 25 votes.[31]

A congressional photo of Dole, 1979

In 1976, Dole was the Republican vice presidential nominee after being picked by President Gerald Ford.[32] During the Vice Presidential debate with Walter Mondale, Dole blamed all the wars in the 20th century on the Democrats.[32]

Over his time in the Senate, Dole was seen by some as having a moderate voting record.[18] This meant, he sometimes voted with the Democrats.[18] During the 1970s, he worked with Senator McGovern to help pass a law making food stamps easier to get.[33] In 1982, The New York Times saw that Dole changed from being a strict conservative to a moderate Republican.[34]

From 1992 to 1996, Dole had an important role in getting support for Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Senate.[35] This forced the Clinton administration and NATO to end the Bosnian War.[35]

The Republicans won both the Senate and House of Representatives in 1994 and Dole became Senate Majority Leader for the second time.[36]

In October 1995, Dole and Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich led the Republican-controlled Congress to pass a spending bill.[37] President Clinton vetoed this bill.[37] More disagreements between the Clinton administration and Republicans caused the federal government shutdown from 1995 to 1996.[37] The next month, Republican and Democratic leaders, including Vice President Al Gore, Dick Armey, and Dole, met to try to fix the budget and were unable to reach an agreement.[38] By January 1996, Dole was more open to talk about ending the shutdown, but was not supported by other Republicans who wanted the shutdown to continue.[37] Gingrich and Dole had a hard time working together.[39] Many people thought that both of them might want to run for the 1996 Republican presidential nomination.[39]

In a January 1996 address, during the shutdown, President Bill Clinton said that Dole was a good lawmaker for "working together in good faith" to reopen the government.[40]

In June 1996, Dole resigned from the Senate to focus on his presidential campaign because he was the Republican Party's presidential nominee for the 1996 election.[41]

Presidential politics

Main articles: 1980 Republican Party presidential primaries and 1988 Republican Party presidential primaries
Dole with his wife Elizabeth Dole and President Gerald Ford at a campaign rally in Kansas

Dole first ran for President of the United States in 1980 for the Republican nomination.[42] He finished behind Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush and four others in Iowa and New Hampshire, winning only 2.5% and 0.4% of votes in those races.[42] Dole ended his campaign after the New Hampshire primary and officially left the race on March 15, 1980.[43]

Dole announced his second campaign in 1988 on November 9, 1987.[44] Dole started out strongly by beating Vice President George H. W. Bush in the Iowa caucus.[45]

However, Bush beat Dole in the New Hampshire primary a week later.[46] During the New Hampshire primaries, Dole lost his temper in a television interview with Tom Brokaw and said that Bush should "stop lying about my record".[47] He said this because he did not like a Bush commercial which lied about Dole's tax ideas.[47]

Dole lost to Bush again in South Carolina in early March.[48] Several days later, every southern state voted for Bush during Super Tuesday.[48] He eventually lost Illinois to Bush and afterwards dropped out of the race.[48]

1996 presidential campaign

Main articles: 1996 Republican Party presidential primaries and 1996 United States presidential election
Dole with President Bill Clinton at the first presidential debate in October 1996

On April 10, 1995, Dole announced his candidacy for the Republican nomination for president, in his third campaign for the presidency.[49] Dole was the early front-runner for the nomination.[50] At least eight candidates ran for the nomination, such as the more conservative Senator Phil Gramm of Texas and more moderate Senator Arlen Specter of Pennsylvania.[50] Pat Buchanan beat Dole in the early New Hampshire primary.[51] Dole came in second place and former Tennessee governor Lamar Alexander finished third.[51]

Dole eventually won the nomination in May after winning all the Midwestern primaries.[50] At the time, he was the oldest first-time presidential nominee at the age of 73 years.[52] If elected, he would have been the oldest president to take office at the time.[52]

Dole hoped to use his long experience in Senate to help him beat an incumbent president.[41][53] On June 11, 1996, Dole resigned from the Senate to focus on the campaign.[41] He said he had "nowhere to go but the White House or home".[41]

1996 election electoral results by state.
  Bill Clinton (379)
  Bob Dole (159)

Dole promised to lower income tax rates by 15%. He made former Congressman and supply side supporter Jack Kemp his running mate for vice president.[54][55] Clinton said Dole was similar to the House Speaker, Newt Gingrich.[56] He warned that Dole would work with the Republican Congress to cut popular social programs, like Medicare and Social Security.[56] Dole's tax-cut plan was attacked by the White House.[57] They said it would "blow a hole in the deficit".[57]

Some people were worried about Dole's age.[52] On September 18, 1996 at a rally in Chico, California, he was reaching down to shake the hand of a supporter, when the railing on the stage broke and he fell four feet.[52][58] Many compared the fall between Dole to a younger Clinton.[58][59]

At the end of October 1996, Dole and his advisers knew that they would lose the election, but in the last four days of the campaign they went on the "96-hour victory tour" to help Republican Congressional candidates.[60]

Dole lost to President Clinton, with a 379–159 Electoral College landslide.[61] Clinton won 49.2% of the vote against Dole's 40.7% and Ross Perot's 8.4%.[61] Many believe that the strong economy during Clinton's first term helped the president win a second term.[62]

Retirement

Dole at the White House with President George W. Bush in April 2005

After the 1996 election, Dole began to focus on writing, being a lawyer, public speaking, and television appearances.[63] He became a television commercial spokesman for Viagra, Visa, Dunkin' Donuts and Pepsi-Cola.[64][65] He was also a political commentator on the interview program Larry King Live.[66] He was a guest many times on Comedy Central's The Daily Show with Jon Stewart.[67] Dole was a commentator with Bill Clinton on CBS's 60 Minutes for a short time.[68] He was on Saturday Night Live making fun of himself.[69]

From 1998 to 2002, Dole was in charge of the Federal City Council in Washington, D.C.[70] Dole later joined the Washington, D.C. firm Verner, Liipfert, Bernhard, McPherson and Hand, where he became a lobbyist.[71][2] Dole joined the Washington, D.C. law and lobbying firm Alston & Bird LLP.[2]

Dole worked for many voluntary organizations.[2] He was national chairman of the World War II Memorial Campaign,[2] which collected money to help build the National World War II Memorial.[71] He also worked with former President Clinton on the Families of Freedom Foundation. This was a scholarship fund to pay for college educations for the families of 9/11 victims.[72]

In 2007, President George W. Bush picked Dole and Donna Shalala as co-chairs of the commission to investigate problems at Walter Reed Army Medical Center.[73][74] Also in 2007, Dole joined former Senate majority leaders Howard Baker, Tom Daschle, and George Mitchell to create the Bipartisan Policy Center for bipartisan support.[75]

On December 4, 2012, Dole spoke in the Senate to support ratification of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. However, Republicans rejected the bill.[76]

Trump presidency

Dole with then-Indiana Governor Mike Pence at the 2016 Republican National Convention

In 2015, Dole supported former Florida governor Jeb Bush in his presidential campaign.[77] After Bush ended his campaign following the South Carolina primary, Dole supported Florida senator Marco Rubio's campaign.[77] During the campaign, Dole criticized Texas senator Ted Cruz, saying he would not win an election.[78] Dole later supported Donald Trump after Trump won the Republican nomination.[79] He was the only former Republican presidential nominee to go to the 2016 Republican National Convention.[80]

Former Dole advisers, including Paul Manafort, played a major role in Trump's presidential campaign.[80] After Trump won the 2016 election, Dole worked with the Trump campaign and presidential transition team to set up meetings with the government of Taiwan.[81]

Dole was worried that the Commission on Presidential Debates were biased against President Trump and his reelection campaign.[82] He said how he knew all the Republicans on the commission and was afraid that "none of them support[ed]" the president.[82] After Trump lost the election, Trump made false claims about voter fraud.[83] Trump said that the election was stolen and tried to overturn the election results.[83] Dole did not agree with Trump and said there was no fraud in the many lawsuits that Trump claimed there was.[83]

Personal life

Bob and Elizabeth Dole in December 1997

Dole married Phyllis Holden in 1948, three months after they met.[84] The couple only had one daughter, Robin.[85] Dole and Holden divorced January 11, 1972.[84] Dole met his second wife, Elizabeth, in 1972.[86] The couple were married in 1975 and had no children.[86]

Dole was a Freemason.[87][88][89] He was known for speaking to himself in the third person.[90][91]

Health and death

President Joe Biden honoring Dole as his casket lies in state at the United States Capitol, December 2021

After prostate surgery, Dole had erectile dysfunction and made a public service announcement speaking up about it.[92] In 2001, Dole, at age 77, was treated for an aortic aneurysm.[93]

In January 2005, Dole had bleeding inside his head.[94] Dole spent 40 days at Walter Reed Army Medical Center and the bleeding left him with mobility problems.[94]

In February 2010, Dole was hospitalized for pneumonia after having knee surgery.[95] He spent ten months at Walter Reed Army Medical Center, recovering from the surgery.[96] He had pneumonia three times.[96] He was released from the hospital in November 2010.[96] In January 2011, however, Dole was hospitalized again to Walter Reed Army Medical Center.[96] He spent about six days there, being treated for a fever and an infection.[96]

Dole was hospitalized in November 2012 at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center.[97] On September 13, 2017, Dole was hospitalized at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center for low blood pressure.[98] He stayed for 24 hours before returning home.[99]

In February 2021, Dole announced that he had stage IV lung cancer.[100] In July 2021, he began getting immunotherapy, instead of chemotherapy because of its negative effects on his body.[83] Dole died from the disease in his sleep on the morning of December 5, 2021 at his home in Washington, D.C. at the age of 98.[101][3]

After his death, many politicians honored Dole.[102] President Joe Biden ordered flags be flown at half-staff until December 11.[103][104] Former presidents Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama and Donald Trump paid tribute to Dole.[105] Dole lay in state at the U.S. Capitol on December 9.[106] He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia.[107]

Awards and honors

Dole being honored with the Congressional Gold Medal in January 2018

In 1989, Dole was presented with the Presidential Citizens Medal by President Ronald Reagan.[108] In 1997, he was presented the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Bill Clinton for his service in the military and his political career.[109]

In 1997, Dole received the U.S. Senator John Heinz Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official.[110]

For his lobbying work during and after the Kosovo War, Albanian President Bujar Nishani awarded Dole Albania's highest civilian honor, the National Flag Order medal in 2017.[111]

On January 17, 2018, Dole was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal for his service to the nation as a "soldier, legislator and statesman".[12]

In 2019, the United States Congress passed a bill promoting the 95-year-old Dole from captain to colonel for his service during World War II.[112][113]

More readings

  • Ceaser, James W.; Busch, Andrew E. (1997). Losing to Win: The 1996 Elections and American Politics. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 0-8476-8405-9.
  • Clinton, Bill (2005). My Life. New York: Vintage Books. ISBN 1-4000-3003-X.
  • Denton, Robert E. Jr. (1998). The 1996 Presidential Campaign: A Communication Perspective. Westport: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-95681-4.
  • Elovitz, Paul (1996). "Work, Laughter and Tears: Bob Dole's Childhood, War Injury, the Conservative Republicans and the 1996 Election". Journal of Psychohistory. 24 (2): 147–162. ISSN 0145-3378.
  • Immelman, Aubrey. "The political personalities of 1996 U.S. presidential candidates Bill Clinton and Bob Dole." Leadership Quarterly 9.3 (1998): 335-366. online
  • Shenk, Joshua Wolf (July 1996). "The Best and Worst of Bob Dole". Washington Monthly. 28. Archived from the original on 2011-06-28. Retrieved 2021-05-08.
  • Tymchuk, Kerry; Wertheimer, Molly Meijer; Gutgold, Nichola D. (2004). Elizabeth Hanford Dole: Speaking from the Heart. Westport: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-98378-1.

References

  1. ↑ "National Advisory Council". Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation. Archived from the original on June 10, 2011. Retrieved May 20, 2011.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 "Bob Dole to join Alston & Bird". Atlanta Business Chronicle. February 12, 2003. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Seelye, Katharine Q. (2021-12-05). "Bob Dole, Old Soldier and Stalwart of the Senate, Dies at 98". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-12-05.
  4. ↑ "Ancestry of Robert Dole (b. 1923)". Wargs.com. Retrieved June 17, 2010.
  5. ↑ "Q&A with Senator Arlen Specter (Penn Law News & Stories)". Law.upenn.edu. March 3, 2011. Archived from the original on March 17, 2011. Retrieved April 8, 2011.
  6. ↑ "In Bob Dole's Hometown, Kansans Grieve for the Man and His Political Style". The New York Times. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  7. ↑ "Hebron High School 1914 Alumni". Archived from the original on May 30, 2005. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
  8. ↑ "Remarks of Senator Bob Dole Russell High School Commencement Address" (PDF). University of Kansas. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Football, Bob Dole, 1996". Womens History. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
  10. ↑ "EX-HOOPSTER DOLE BRAKES FOR THE NBA". The Washington Post. May 26, 1996. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
  11. ↑ "KU Football rosters 1940-1949" (PDF). KUAthletics.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 6, 2018. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 "Man of The Year".
  13. ↑ "Fraternally Yours" (PDF). University of Kansas. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  14. ↑ Lynn, Jenkins (July 20, 2017). "Text - H.R.3332 - 115th Congress (2017-2018): Bob Dole Congressional Gold Medal Act". www.congress.gov. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 ""Losing the War" by Lee Sandlin". Leesandlin.com. Retrieved June 17, 2010.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Katharine Q. Seelye (April 14, 1996). "War Wounds Shape Life, and Politics, for Dole". The New York Times.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "DOLE, Robert Joseph | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives". history.house.gov. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 "From soldier to statesman: Bob Dole's life of public service". NBC News. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
  19. ↑ "Dillard to Dyck, Kansas Legislators Past and Present, State Library of Kansas". Archived from the original on November 13, 2013. Retrieved March 2, 2013.
  20. ↑ "A Political Life: Dole's Kansas Years". partners.nytimes.com. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 Kolbert, Elizabeth (May 19, 1996). "A POLITICAL LIFE: The Kansas Years;On the Kansas Prairie, the Window to Dole". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
  22. ↑ "H.R. 7152. PASSAGE".
  23. ↑ "TO PASS H.R. 2516, A BILL TO ESTABLISH PENALTIES FOR INTERFERENCE WITH CIVIL RIGHTS. INTERFERENCE WITH A PERSON ENGAGED IN ONE OF THE 8 ACTIVITIES PROTECTED UNDER THIS BILL MUST BE RACIALLY MOTIVATED TO INCUR THE BILL'S PENALTIES".
  24. ↑ "TO PASS H.R. 6400, THE 1965 VOTING RIGHTS ACT".
  25. ↑ "Remarks of Senator Bob Dole" (PDF). Dole Archive Collections. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
  26. ↑ "Dole resigns from Senate to focus on presidential bid, June 11, 1996". POLITICO. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 "The Clout of the New Bob Dole". The New York Times. December 12, 1982. Retrieved January 23, 2022.
  28. ↑ "Bob Dole elected Senate Republican leader, Nov. 28, 1984". POLITICO. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
  29. ↑ "Senator Roberts Makes History, Becoming Top Republican on Senate Agriculture Committee | The United States Senate Committee On Agriculture, Nutrition & Forestry". www.agriculture.senate.gov. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
  30. ↑ Eisele, Al (February 7, 2012). "Bob Dole: Still a Man to be Reckoned With". Huffington Post. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
  31. ↑ "CQ Almanac Online Edition". library.cqpress.com. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 "Online NewsHour: Previous Vice Presidential Debates Lend Perspective to Edwards, Cheney Face-Off". Pbs.org. October 5, 2004. Archived from the original on September 20, 2010. Retrieved June 17, 2010.
  33. ↑ Samuels, Dorothy (May 20, 2013). "Opinion | Food Stamp Politics". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
  34. ↑ Clark, Timothy B. "THE CLOUT OF THE 'NEW' BOB DOLE". Retrieved June 6, 2018.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Hamza Karčić, "Saving Bosnia on Capitol Hill: the case of Senator Bob Dole." Journal of Transatlantic Studies 13.1 (2015): 20-39.
  36. ↑ "The 1994 Elections: The Overview; G.O.P. Wins Control of Senate and Makes Big Gains in the House". The New York Times. November 9, 1994. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 "THE 1995–96 GOVERNMENT SHUTDOWN". Miller Center. 19 January 2018. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
  38. ↑ Clinton, Bill (2004). My Life. Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 673, 680–84. ISBN 0-375-41457-6.
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Steinhauer, Jennifer (November 3, 2010). "John Boehner, New House Speaker, Will Face Tough Challenges". The New York Times.
  40. ↑ Clinton, Bill (January 3, 1996). "Remarks on the Impact of the Budget Impasse and an Exchange With Reporters". Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States.
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 Berke, Richard L. (May 16, 1996). "New York Times, May 16, 1996: Dole says he will leave Senate to focus on presidential race". The New York Times. Retrieved June 17, 2010.
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 "1980: Reagan begins his sweep | New Hampshire". UnionLeader.com. Archived from the original on June 19, 2018. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
  43. ↑ Clark, Timothy B. (December 12, 1982). "The Clout of the 'New' Bob Dole". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
  44. ↑ Times, Bernard Weinraub and Special To the New York. "Dole Makes His Presidential Bid Official". Retrieved June 6, 2018.
  45. ↑ Times, E. J. Dionne Jr. and Special To the New York. "Dole Wins in Iowa, With Robertson Next". Retrieved June 6, 2018.
  46. ↑ "BUSH OVERCOMES DOLE'S BID AND DUKAKIS IS EASY WINNER IN NEW HAMPSHIRE PRIMARIES". The New York Times. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 Dionne., Gerald M. Boyd, E. J. Dionne Jr., Bernard Weinraub and Was Written By Mr. "Bush vs. Dole: Behind the Turnaround". Retrieved June 6, 2018.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 Times, Bernard Weinraub and Special To the New York. "Bush Nomination Seems Assured As Dole Leaves Republican Race". Retrieved June 6, 2018.
  49. ↑ "Senator Bob Dole Presidential Campaign Announcement". C-Span. April 10, 1995. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 "POLITICS: THE FRONT-RUNNER;With Nomination in Reach, Dole Plays a Cautious Game". The New York Times. March 12, 1996. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 "POLITICS: THE OVERVIEW;BUCHANAN A NARROW VICTOR OVER DOLE IN NEW HAMPSHIRE". The New York Times. February 21, 1996. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 52.3 "Remember When Bob Dole Was Considered Too Old to Be President?". The Jezebel. October 7, 2020. Archived from the original on May 8, 2021. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
  53. ↑ "How Bob Dole's Dream Was Dashed". The New York Times. November 8, 1996. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
  54. ↑ Lacayo, Richard; Michael Duffy (August 19, 1996). "Punching Up The Ticket". Time. Archived from the original on October 17, 2007. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
  55. ↑ Stevenson, Richard W. (August 11, 1996). "Kemp Fiscal Views Win Party's Heart". The New York Times. Retrieved March 4, 2008.
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 Berke, Richard L. (October 7, 1996). "Clinton And Dole, Face To Face, Spar Over Medicare And Taxes". The New York Times. Retrieved April 26, 2010.
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 "Medicare, taxes and Dole: a talk with the president". Bloomberg BusinessWeek. June 14, 1997. Retrieved June 17, 2010.
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 "Dole Falls Off Stage At Rally, Bounces Back". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on 2019-02-01. Retrieved 2021-05-08.
  59. ↑ "Thought Ed Miliband's stumble was bad? These politicians had much worse falls". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
  60. ↑ "Crowley: It's the losing campaigns I remember most – CNNPolitics.com". CNN. November 5, 2012.
  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 "Presidential Election Exit Poll Results – Part 1". CNN. Retrieved April 26, 2010.
  62. ↑ "Clinton Wins by Wide Margin". The Washington Post. November 6, 1996. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
  63. ↑ Dole, Robert J. (2005). One Soldier's Story: A Memoir (1st ed.). New York: HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 0-06-076341-8.
  64. ↑ "Viagra Returns to the Bob Dole Approach". The New Yorker. October 7, 2014. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
  65. ↑ "Kansas Senator Bob Dole Videos". Washburn.edu. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
  66. ↑ "Bob Dole Finding Winning Role as TV Pundit". The New York Times. March 2, 2004. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
  67. ↑ "Every Guest Jon Stewart Ever Had On 'The Daily Show'". FiveThirtyEight. August 6, 2015. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
  68. ↑ "Bill Clinton & Bob Dole will revive the "Point-Counterpoint" segments on 60 Minutes beginning Sunday". WLTX. March 6, 2003. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
  69. ↑ "The 7 most memorable candidate appearances on 'Saturday Night Live'". USA Today. November 6, 2015. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
  70. ↑ Roman, Dave (December 3, 1997). "Dole Remains a Winner Despite Most-Notable Loss". Florida Times-Union. Retrieved December 10, 2013; Trescott, Jacqueline (July 9, 1998). "Music Museum Proposed for D.C.". The Washington Post. p. B1; Resnick, Amy B. (November 13, 1998). "D.C. Mayor-Elect Williams Chooses Politically Connected Transition Team". The Bond Buyer. p. 3; Woodlee, Yolanda; Hsu, Spencer; Thomas-Lester, Avis (November 19, 1998). "Transition Grumbling". The Washington Post. p. DC1; Clymer, Adam (September 26, 2000). "Senator and Delegate Back Plan to Reopen Pennsylvania Avenue". The New York Times. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
  71. ↑ 71.0 71.1 "Dole to Join Law Firm Based in Atlanta". The Washington Post. February 12, 2003. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
  72. ↑ "Dole and Clinton on Scholarship Fund". ABC News. January 6, 2006.
  73. ↑ "Dole, Shalala to investigate Walter Reed problems". CNN. Retrieved April 26, 2010.
  74. ↑ "Bush Appoints Dole and Shalala to Head Inquiry on Military Health Care". The New York Times. March 7, 2007.
  75. ↑ "About BPC | Bipartisan Policy Center". Bipartisanpolicy.org. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
  76. ↑ Jennifer, Steinhauer (December 4, 2012). "Dole Appears, but G.O.P. Rejects a Disabilities Treaty". The New York Times. Retrieved December 6, 2012.
  77. ↑ 77.0 77.1 "Bob Dole Endorses Marco Rubio in 2016 Race". ABC News. February 22, 2016. Retrieved February 22, 2016.
  78. ↑ Maggie Haberman (January 20, 2016). "Bob Dole Warns of 'Cataclysmic' Losses With Ted Cruz, and Says Donald Trump Would Do Better". The New York Times. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
  79. ↑ "Column: At 92, Bob Dole Still Talks Tough — About His Party". Valley News. February 7, 2016. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
  80. ↑ 80.0 80.1 Costa, Robert; Rucker, Philip (July 18, 2016). "Trump's campaign is a resurrection — and second chance — for Dole alumni". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
  81. ↑ Davis, Julie Hirschfeld; Lipton, Eric (December 6, 2016). "Bob Dole Worked Behind the Scenes on Trump-Taiwan Call". The New York Times. Retrieved December 15, 2017.
  82. ↑ 82.0 82.1 Williams, Jordan (October 9, 2020). "Bob Dole claims no Republicans on debate commission support Trump". The Hill. Retrieved October 9, 2020.
  83. ↑ 83.0 83.1 83.2 83.3 Page, Susan (July 22, 2021). "At 98 and facing cancer, Bob Dole reckons with legacy of Trump and ponders future of GOP". USA Today. Retrieved July 25, 2021.
  84. ↑ 84.0 84.1 "Washington Post profile, Dole's Ex-Wife Still Puzzled by Divorce". The Washington Post. August 7, 1996.
  85. ↑ "Robin Dole takes guarded role Daughter: Bob Dole's only child deliberately seeks the shadows while the spotlight shines on her famous father.; CAMPAIGN 1996". Baltimore Sun. May 19, 1996. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
  86. ↑ 86.0 86.1 "Bob and Elizabeth Dole look back on their remarkable love story". Today. February 13, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
  87. ↑ Allen E. Roberts (1992). Freemasonry in American History. Lists of Lodges. pp. 408–410. ISBN 978-0880530781.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  88. ↑ "Hall of Honor Portrait Gallery". The Scottish Rite of Freemasonry. Retrieved September 16, 2015.
  89. ↑ Maness, Michael Glenn (2010). Character Counts: Freemasonry Is a National Treasure and a Source of Our Founders' Constitutional Original Intent. AuthorHouse. p. 259. ISBN 9781456714383.
  90. ↑ Henneberger, Melinda (December 12, 2013). "Bob Dole honored for work in helping to feed the poor". The Washington Post.
  91. ↑ Eisele, Al (February 7, 2012). "Bob Dole: Still a Man to be Reckoned With". HuffPost. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  92. ↑ "So Much Has Changed Since That Famous '90s Viagra Ad Starring Bob Dole". Buzzfeed. September 25, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
  93. ↑ "Bob Dole has surgery to treat aneurysm". USA Today via Associated Press. June 27, 2001. Retrieved September 22, 2009.
  94. ↑ 94.0 94.1 "Dole Discloses Emergency That Nearly Took His Life". The New York Times. April 10, 2005. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
  95. ↑ "Bob Dole hospitalized, undergoing therapy". News Channel 10. February 22, 2010. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
  96. ↑ 96.0 96.1 96.2 96.3 96.4 "Bob Dole back at Walter Reed". CJOnline. January 7, 2011. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
  97. ↑ "Bob Dole Hospitalized". ABC News. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
  98. ↑ Singman, Brooke (September 22, 2017). "Bob Dole hospitalized at Walter Reed". Foxnews.com. Retrieved November 13, 2017.
  99. ↑ "Bob Dole released from hospital: Reunited with his dogs and ready for a cocktail". ABC News. October 6, 2017.
  100. ↑ Hanna, John (2021-02-18). "Former U.S. senator Bob Dole says he's been diagnosed with Stage 4 lung cancer". CTVNews. Retrieved 2021-02-18.
  101. ↑ "Bob Dole, WWII hero and former Republican presidential candidate, dies at 98". NBC News. December 5, 2021. Retrieved December 5, 2021.
  102. ↑ "Presidents Bush, Obama and more remember Bob Dole in emotional tributes". TODAY.com. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
  103. ↑ "Biden orders flags be flown at half-staff through Dec. 9 to honor Dole". TheHill. 6 December 2021. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
  104. ↑ Motter, Sarah. "Flags to be flown half-staff through Saturday in honor of late Sen. Dole". WBIW. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  105. ↑ "Presidents Bush, Obama and more remember Bob Dole in emotional tributes". TODAY.com. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
  106. ↑ Sullivan, Kate (December 9, 2021). "Biden and congressional leaders honor the late Sen. Bob Dole at US Capitol". CNN. Retrieved December 9, 2021.
  107. ↑ Desrochers, Daniel (December 9, 2021). "Bob Dole's final resting place announced ahead of services in Washington and Kansas". The Kansas City Star. Retrieved December 9, 2021.
  108. ↑ "Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Citizens Medal". January 18, 1989. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
  109. ↑ "Clinton Honors Dole With Presidential Medal of Freedom". The Los Angeles Times. January 18, 1997. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
  110. ↑ "Jefferson Awards FoundationNational – Jefferson Awards Foundation". Jeffersonawards.org. Archived from the original on November 24, 2010. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
  111. ↑ "Albanian president honors former U.S. Sen. Bob Dole". Tirana Times. June 2, 2017.
  112. ↑ "House Unanimously Passes Bill to Promote Sen. Dole to Army Colonel". U.S House of Representatives. Archived from the original on March 27, 2019. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
  113. ↑ Wagner, John (April 8, 2019). "Trump signs bill raising Bob Dole's military rank to colonel". Stars and Stripes. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on May 11, 2019. Retrieved May 11, 2019.

Other websites

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bob Dole.
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Bob Dole

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!