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2024 Calendar

April 13 is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 262 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

Up to 1900

1111 – Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor is crowned.
1204 – Constantinople falls to the crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire.
1598 – Henry V of France issues the Edict of Nantes, allowing religious freedom for Huguenots. The edict is repealed in 1685.
1742 - George Frideric Handel's oratorio Messiah has its world premiere in Dublin, Ireland.
1749 - A cyclone off Southeast India sinks British ships HMS Pembroke and HMS Namur, killing 850 people. Only 14 survive.
1777 - American Revolutionary War; American forces are ambushed and defeated in the Battle of Bound Brook, New Jersey.
1796 - The first elephant ever seen in the United States arrives from India.
1829 – Roman Catholics in the United Kingdom are granted the right to vote and are allowed to sit in parliament.
1849 – Hungary becomes a Republic.
1861 – American Civil War: Fort Sumter, South Carolina, surrenders to Confederate forces.
1868 - The Abyssynian War ends as British and Indian troops capture Maqdala.
1870 - New York City's Metropolitan Museum of Art is founded.
1873 - The Colfax Massacre, in which over 60 African Americans are murdered, takes place in Colfax, Louisiana.

1901 – 2000

1904 – The Russian battleship Petropavlovsk of the Russian Pacific Fleet hits a Japanese mine and sinks. The painter Vasily Vereshchagin is among those who are killed in the incident.
1909 - The Turkish military reverses the Ottoman countercoup of 1909 to force the overthrow of Sultan Abdul Hamid II.
1919 - Establishment of the Provisional Government of Korea.
1919 - Jallianwala Bagh massacre: British troops gun down at least 379 unarmed demonstrators in Amritsar, India. 1,200 are injured.
1934 – While still under construction, the railway bridge in Saratov, Russia, collapses, killing 150 people.
1941 – The USSR and Japan sign a pact of neutrality.
1943 – The Thomas Jefferson Memorial is dedicated in Washington, DC.
1943 - World War II: The discovery of mass graves of Polish prisoners of war killed by Soviet forces in the Katyn massacre is announced. This causes a rift between the Polish Government-in-exile (based in London) and the Soviet Union, which denies responsibility.
1944 – The USSR and New Zealand establish diplomatic relations.
1945 - World War II: German troops kill over 1,000 political and military prisoners in Gardelegen, Germany.
1945 - World War II: Soviet and Bulgarian forces capture Vienna.
1948 - Hadassah medical convoy massacre: In an ambush, 79 Jewish doctors, nurses and medical students from Hadassah Hospital and a British soldier are massacred by Arabs in Sheikh Jarra near Jerusalem.
1960 - The US launches Transit 1-B, the world's first satellite navigation system.
1964 – Sidney Poitier becomes the first African American to win a Best Actor Oscar.
1970 – Houston, we've had a problem: An oxygen tank aboard Apollo 13 explodes, causing major damage, and putting the crew at risk. They safely return to Earth.
1972 - The Universal Postal Union decides to recognize the People's Republic of China instead of the Republic of China.
1975 – At least 17 people are killed in a gun battle between Palestinian Guerrillas and Christian militants in Beirut.
1984 – India annexes territory beyond the Line of Control.
1986 – Pope John Paul II becomes the first Pope to visit a Jewish place of worship when he visits a synagogue in Rome.
1987 – Portugal agrees to return Macau to China's control in 1999.
1992 – In the United Kingdom, the leader of the Labour Party, Neil Kinnock, announces his resignation.
1992 – Chicago is flooded.
1997 – Tiger Woods becomes the youngest golfer to win the US Masters tournament.

From 2001

2002 – Armenian anti-government protests are violently crushed.
2003 – The National Library in Baghdad is set on fire, with many historical documents being lost.
2013 - Amsterdam's Rijksmuseum is officially re-opened after a decade-long restoration.
2014 - A bus crash in Veracruz, Mexico, kills 36 people.
2017 - The United States drops its biggest-ever non-nuclear bomb in eastern Afghanistan.