Adelphobates

Adelphobates

Adelphobates
Adelphobates castaneoticus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Dendrobatidae
Genus: Dendrobates
Genus: Adelphobates
Grant et al., 2006[1]
Type species
Adelphobates castaneoticus
(Caldwell and Myers, 1990)
Species

3 species (see text)

Adelphobates is a small group of poison dart frogs. They live in the Amazon basin in Peru and Brazil. Scientists think they could live in Bolivia too.[2] Scientists first made it as a sister group to the Dendrobates and Oophaga genera.[1] Not all scientists agree that this should be a group. Some scientists think all these frogs should be in Dendrobates.[2] Scientists moved one species originally placed in this genus as Adelphobates captivus to the genus Excidobates.[3]

Name

Adelphobates is from the Ancient Greek, adelphos (brother or twin) and bates (walker or climber). "Brothers" is for two scientists, Charles W. Myers and John W. Daly, even though they are not brothers.[1]

Bodies and young

All frogs in this group have bright color on their skin.[1] The adult frogs carry the tadpoles to Brazil nut shells on the forest floor. If more than one tadpole is in the same shell, they may eat each other.[4]

Poison

Like frogs in Dendrobates, Adelphobates frogs have Pumiliotoxin 251D, which changes to Allopumiliotoxin 267A, which is 5 times more toxic. Even 200 μg/kg of pumiliotoxin or 40 μg/kg of allopumiliotoxin can kill.[5][6]

Species

There are three species in this group:[2][7]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Grant, Taran; Frost, Darrel R.; Caldwell, Janalee P.; Gagliardo, Ron; Haddad, Célio F.B.; Kok, Philippe J.R.; Means, D. Bruce; Noonan, Brice P.; Schargel, Walter E.; Wheeler, Ward C. (2006). "Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae)" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 299: 1–262. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2006)299[1:PSODFA]2.0.CO;2.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Adelphobates Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel, and Wheeler, 2006". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
  3. ↑ Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Excitobates Twomey and Brown, 2008". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
  4. ↑ Vitt, Laurie J.; Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (4th ed.). Academic Press. p. 490.
  5. ↑ Daly, John W.; Ware, Nathaniel; Saporito, Ralph A.; Spande, Thomas F.; Garraffo, H. Martin (June 2009). "N-Methyldecahydroquinolines: An Unexpected Class of Alkaloids from Amazonian Poison Frogs (Dendrobatidae)". Journal of Natural Products. 72 (6): 1110–1114. doi:10.1021/np900094v. ISSN 0163-3864. PMC 3290094. PMID 19432407.
  6. ↑ Schulte, Bruce A.; Goodwin, Thomas E.; Ferkin, Michael H. (2015-12-09). Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 13. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-22026-0.
  7. ↑ "Dendrobatidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2014.

Other websites

Data related to Adelphobates at Wikispecies

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