Ustav Francuske (1802)

Prva stranica Ustava godine X.

Ustav Francuske iz 1802. godine, na francuskom službeno Sénatus-consulte organique du 16 thermidor an X, a znan još i kao Ustav godine X. je bio ustav Francuske usvojen 4. kolovoza 1802. godine, a koji je de facto bio modifikacija prethodnog ustava na način da je Napoleonu omogućio veće ovlasti. Ustav je proglašen dva dana prije nego je stupio na snagu, a sve to nakon referenduma na kojemu je odobren.

Izmjene ustava bile su napravljene isključivo kako bi ojačale Napoleonovu poziciju, a najvažnije, ukratko, bile su:

  • Ovlasti Senata povećane su u odnosu na one Tribunata i Corps législatifa - on može mijenjati ustav i provoditi izvanredne mjere (poput raspuštanja dvaju drugih parlamentarnih domova), ali je s druge strane znatno više ovisan o Prvom konzulu, koji ima pravo imenovanja novih senatora.
  • Prvi konzul dobio je pravo pomilovanja.
  • Prvi konzul dobio je pravo ratifikacije sporazuma o ratu, miru i savezništvima.
  • Opće pravo glasa djelomično je ograničeno cenzusima.

Ustav godine X., kao ni Ustav godine VIII., nije dugo izdržao te je već nakon dvije godine izmijenjen, s tim da je novi ustav unio znatno veće i korjenitije promjene nego dva prethodna. Ustavom 1804. Konzulat je konačno dokinut, a zamijenilo ga je Prvo Carstvo.

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