Spratly

Otočje Spratly

Otočje Spratly je grupa od nešto više od 750 grebena, otočića, atola, pješčanih otočića i otoka u Južnom kineskom moru između Filipina i Malezije s jedne strane i Vijetnama s druge. Po zemljopisnoj udaljenosti oni se nalaze na trećini puta između prve dvije navedene države i Vijetnama. Iako imaju svega 4 četvorna kilometra kopnene površine ovi otoci se nalaze na ukupno 425,000 četvornih kilometara morske površine za koju se pretpostavlja da je bogata naftom i plinom.

Granične svađe

Zbog prirodnih bogatstava ovi do pred kratko vreme nenaseljeni otoci su postali predmet najveće azijske političke svađe oko granica koja traje već više od 50 godina su stalnom malenom opasnošću izbijanja rata zbog redovnih incidenata. Države uključene u ovu kontroverzu i njihovi službeni razlozi za proglašenje ovih otoka svojim su:

  • Narodna Republika Kina kaži da su ovi nekoliko hiljada kilometara udaljeni otoci njeni pozivajući se pre svega na "historijsko pravo" pošto su te otoke po njenim podacima otkrili mornari iz dinastije Han pre oko 2 hiljade godina
  • Republika Kina to jest Tajvan kaže da su ovi otoci njegovi po istom principu
  • Brunej kaže da je dio otoka njegov po Konvenciji Ujedinjenih naroda o pravu mora
  • Malezija se također poziva na Konvenciju Ujedinjenih naroda o pravu mora (Brunej je okružen Malezijom)
  • Filipini kažu da su neki otoci njegovi po zastarjelom principu Res nullius, ali i po Konvenciji Ujedinjenih naroda o pravu mora pozivajući se na ekonomsku zonu od 200 milja u koju spada dio otočja
  • Vijetnam kaže da su otoci njegovi pošto je kinesko "historijsko pravo" izmišljeno, pa se on poziva na svoje pošto je kontrolirao otoke od 17 veka, a kontrolirala ih je i Francuska u ime svoje Vijetnamske kolonije. Također se poziva i na internacionalnu ekonomsku zonu od 200 milja

Trenutačna situacija

Poslednji već rat za otočje se dogodio 1988. godina kada je Narodna Republika Kina u pomorskoj bitki porazila Vijetnam koji je izgubio nekoliko manjih brodova, otoka i živote svojih 70 mornara [1]. Nakon ove bitke više nije bilo otvorenih borbi pa su se države organičile na osvajanje slobodnih otoka i gradnje mini tvrđava na onima koje kontroliraju. Trenutačno vojska Republike Kine to jest Tajvana kontrolira najveći otok i jedan rt, ona Narodne Republike Kine drži 9 rtova, Filipini drže 3 od 5 najvećih otoka s još 4 manja i 3 rta, Vijetnam drži 5 od 10 najvećih otoka (plus još jedan) i 22 rta, dok Malezija drži 1 otok i 5 rtova.

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