Semiotika je nauka koja se bavi proučavanjem znakova. Ona je rasprostranjena u književnosti (semiologija), u duhovnosti, umjetnosti, u životinjskom svijetu (zoosemiotika) ili kao medicinska semiotika. Semiotski postupak je slanje kodirane informacije sa pošiljaoca na primaoca i njeno dešifriranje i interpretiranje.
Znak
Znak je forma ili oblik koja sadrži određeni često skriven sadržaj. Znak ukazuje na nešto drugo a ne na sebe samog. Može reći da je sve znak: jezik, umjetnost, moda, čovjek, itd. No određene sadržaje znaku pored estetskih normi pripisuje i recipirajući subjekt. Tako su srednjovjekovne katedrale građene s ondašnjim sakralnim značenjskim nabojem dok su danas svedene samo na estetske norme.
Lidov, David (1999) Elements of Semiotics. New York: St. Martin's Press.
Liszka, J. J. (1996) A General Introduction to the Semeiotic of C.S. Peirce. Indiana University Press.
Locke, John, The Works of John Locke, A New Edition, Corrected, In Ten Volumes, Vol.III, T. Tegg, (London), 1823. (facsimile reprint by Scientia, (Aalen), 1963.)
Lotman, Yuri M. (1990). Universe of the Mind: A Semiotic Theory of Culture. (Translated by Ann Shukman). London: I.B. Tauris.
Morris, Charles W. (1971). Writings on the general theory of signs. The Hague: Mouton.
Peirce, Charles S. (1934). Collected papers: Volume V. Pragmatism and pragmaticism. Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard University Press.
Petrilli, S. (2009). Semiotics as semioethics in the era of global communication. Semiotica, 173(1-4), 343-347, 353-354, 359. doi: 10.1515/SEMI.2009.015
Ponzio, Augusto & S. Petrilli (2007) Semiotics Today. From Global Semiotics to Semioethics, a Dialogic Response. New York, Ottawa, Toronto: Legas. 84 pp. ISBN978-1-894508-98-8
Sebeok, Thomas A. (Editor) (1977). A Perfusion of Signs. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
Signs and Meaning: 5 Questions, edited by Peer Bundgaard and Frederik Stjernfelt, 2009 (Automatic Press / VIP). (Includes interviews with 29 leading semioticians of the world.)
Stubbe, Henry (Henry Stubbes), The Plus Ultra reduced to a Non Plus: Or, A Specimen of some Animadversions upon the Plus Ultra of Mr. Glanvill, wherein sundry Errors of some Virtuosi are discovered, the Credit of the Aristotelians in part Re-advanced; and Enquiries made...., (London), 1670.
Uexküll, Thure von (1982). Semiotics and medicine. Semiotica 38-3/4:205-215
Williamson, Judith. (1978). Decoding Advertisements: Ideology and Meaning in Advertising. London: Boyars.
Zlatev, Jordan. (2009). "The Semiotic Hierarchy: Life, Consciousness, Signs and Language, Cognitive Semiotics". Švedska: Scania.