Mars (mitologija)

Joseph-Marie Vien: Venera pokazuje Marsu kako njezini golubovi rade gnijezdo u njegovoj kacigi
Mars
opis bog rata
roditelji Junona i Jupiter
djeca Kupid, Timor, Formido, Konkordija, Romul i Rem
grčki pandan Ares
Joachim Wtewael: Mars i Venera otkriveni od bogova

Mars (latinski Mars) je bog iz rimske mitologije, bog rata. Nakon Jupitera je najvažniji bog kod Rimljana. Izvorno je bio povezan sa vegetacijom, kao što piše Caton u svojoj molitvi ratara upućenoj Marsu, a usto je čašćen i kao zaštitnik stoke.

Opis i mitovi

Mars je sin Jupitera, vrhovnog boga, i njegove žene - Junone. Prema drugom mitu, sin je Junone i cvijeta kojeg je nosila Flora. Rimljani su kasnije poistovijetili ovoga boga sa grčkim bogom Aresom, te se tako bog ratara, koji su često bili prisiljeni ratovati, pretvorio u boga rata. Na taj su mu način pripale mnogostruke uloge: zaštitnik je radova na polju, daje plodnost, štiti borce i daje im ratnički duh. Marsova je ljubavnica Venera, žena Marsovog nakaznog brata Vulkana, a djeca su im Kupid, Timor, Formido i Konkordija. Vulkan je otkrio njihovu prijevaru, te je njihov čin pokazao svim bogovima, koji su mu se samo narugali. Mars je otac Romula i Rema koji su osnovali Rim, te tako praotac Rimljana. Njihova je majka bila svećenica Reja Silvija. Njegov je svećenik u Rimu bio flamen maior, a bili su mu posvećeni vuk (Mars je poslao vučicu da hrani njegovu djecu) i zelena žuna. Marsov astrološki znak je danas znak za muški spol.

Kult

Mars je u službenoj rimskoj religiji bio i bog proljeća, pa je svečano slavljen u martu (odatle ime tome mjesecu). Ostale važne proslave u njegovu čast odvijale su se u februaru i oktobru. Svakih pet godina na Campus Martius, pred njegovim oltarom, popis stanovništva popraćen je obredom čišćenja. U Rimu su se nalazila i druga dva hrama: ara Martis na polju (138. pr. n. e.) i onaj izvan vrata Capena (388. pr. n. e.). Mars je štovan i u vrijeme Carstva, zahvaljujući Augustu koji je ustanovio kult Marsa Ultora ("osvetnika"). Mars je zauzeo mnogo važnije mjesto u rimskoj mitologiji nego što je to slučaj sa Aresom, njegovim grčkim pandanom. Razlog je tomu vjerojatno u tome što ga se držalo ljubavnikom Reje Silvije i ocem Romula i Rema koji su utemeljili Rim. Stoga je čašćen kao otac rimskoga naroda, a Rimljani su se nazivali djecom Marsa. Marsu je bio posvećen i dan u sedmici, (utorak, italijanski: martedì) te planeta Sunčevog sistema (Mars).

Galerija

Vanjske veze

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