Lužica

Ne poistovećivati sa Lužnica (oblast).
Za druge upotrebe, pogledajte Lužica (razvrstavanje). Ne poistovećivati sa Lužnica.
"Lužice" preusmerava ovde. Za druge upotrebe, pogledajte Lužice (razvrstavanje). Ne poistovećivati sa Lužnice.

Lužica (gornjolužičkosrpski: Łužica, donjolužičkosrpski: Łužyca, nemački: Lausitz) je region u Nemačkoj koji naseljavaju Lužički Srbi i Nemci. Ime potiče od lužičkosrpske reči za baricu (deminutiv za baru).

Mapa Lužice
Zastava Lužičkih Srba

Prošlost Lužice

Sloveni su naselili ove zemlje oko 600-e godine. Lužica je bila deo Samovog Carstva, prve slovenske države, i, nakon raspada carstava, Velikomoravske Kneževine. Lužica postaje deo Saksonije, a od 1200. godine veliki broj Germana počinje da naseljava Lužicu.

Godine 1815. Bečki kongres dodeljuje Lužicu Pruskoj. Lužički Srbi su tražili da njihova zemlja postane autonomna regija, ali je ipak podeljena između nekoliko pruskih provincija. Krajem 19. i početkom 20. veka počinje nacionalno buđenje Lužičkih Srba, osnivaju mnoge nacionalne organizacije, a njihov broj je oko 150.000. Postoji snažna težnja za nezavisnošću. Dolaskom nacista na vlast u Nemačkoj, počinje progon Lužičkih Srba, njihov jezik, organizacije i štampa su zabranjeni. Lužički Srbi su bili hapšeni, pogubljeni ili poslati u egzil. Veliki broj je završio u koncentracionim logorima iz kojih mnogi nisu izašli. Procenjuje se da ih je ubijeno oko 20.000.

Posle Drugog svetskog rata Lužica je podeljena između Istočne Nemačke i Poljske. Poljski komunisti su proterali Lužičke Srbe zajedno sa Nemcima. Lužički Srbi ponovo traže stvaranje Lužičke Slobodne Države ili da se Lužica priključi Čehoslovačkoj. U Pragu 300.000 ljudi je protestovalo u ime lužičke nezavisnosti. Napori da se postigne nezavisnost nisu urodili plodom zbog pojedinih geo-političkih interesa. Godine 1950. Lužički Srbi su dobili jezičku i kulturnu autonomiju. Godine 2005. osnovana je politička partija koja predstavlja interese Lužičkih Srba.

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