Greben

Za ostala značenja, vidi Greben (razvrstavanje).
Biomi
Suhozemni biomi
Tundra
Tajga/borealne šume
Planinski travnjaci i šikare
Crnogorične šume umjerenog pojasa
Tropske i suptropske četinarske šume
Umjerene širokolisne i mješovite šume
Mediteranske šume i makije
Tropske i suptropske vlažne širokolisne šume
Tropske i suptropske suhe širokolisne šume
Umjereni travnjaci, savane i šikare
Tropski i suptropski travnjaci, savane i šikare
Pustinje i vegetacija sušnih područja
Plavljena travna vegetacija
Riparianska zona
Vlažno područje
Vodeni biomi
Jezero
Litoral
Šume mangrova
Šuma kelpa
Koraljni greben
Neritička zona
Epikontinentalni pojas
Pelagijska zona
Bentos
Hidrotermalni izvori
Hladni izvori
Led
Drugi biomi
Endolitska zona

Greben ili sika,[1] je biološka struktura koja se sastoji od ostataka koralja, algi i ostalih organizama s vapnenačkom ljušturom ili unutrašnjom strukturom, a nastaju unutar 30° zemljopisne širine od ekvatora u toplim, plitkim, sunčanim morima koja nemaju mnogo raspršenog sedimenta. Izdižu se iznad okolnog morskog dna. Postoje tri tipa grebena.

  1. Obrubni grebeni su plosnati grebeni pričvršćeni direktno uz obalu.
  2. Barijerni grebeni protežu se paralelno obali od koje su odvojeni širokom, dubokom lagunom. Vode u laguni su relativno mirne jer ih greben štiti od udara valova. Najveći recenti greben je upravo barijerni: Great Barrier Reef koji se nalazi na istočnoj obali Australije, dug 3 000 km, širok oko 300 km, a visok 200 m.
  3. Atoli su cirkularni grebeni s lagunom, a okruženi su dubokom vodom.
Morski greben

Ova tri tipa grebena međusobno su povezana. Naime, obrubni greben se javlja oko vulkanskog otoka. Otok počinje tonuti, ali ne i greben koji se izdiže djelovanjem organizama koji ga grade. Polako prelazi u barijerni greben, a ovaj, nakon što otok u potpunosti potone, u atol.

U paleozoiku najznačajniji grebenotvorci bile su vapnenačke alge i stromatoporoidi. Koralji postaju dominantni grebenotvorci tek u mezozoiku i kenozoiku.

Jedna od definicija bila bi: stjenoviti ostatak abrazijom razorenog otočića ili stijenskog bloka u razini, ispod ili iznad (za oseke) morske razine. U Hrvatskoj ih ima 78.

Izvori

  1. Županović, Šime. Hrvati i more : ribarstvo : od koga Hrvati naučiše ribarstvo i ribarsku terminologiju?, Zagreb : AGM, 1995., str. 348., ISBN 953-174-048-8

    A naša prastara legenda je za koralje, koji su se nalazili po mnogim podmorskim hridinama i grebenima "sikama" oko otoka Žirja, govorila: "Nježan cvijet koji se okameni čim se izvadi iz mora."

    – Županović, 1995., 348.

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