Dalsland

Dalsland
Pozicija Dalslanda na karti Švedske
U sastavu Švedske
Upravni oblik pokrajina
Površina 3708 km²
Stanovništvo 56.226
Gustoća 15 stanovnika na km²

Dalsland je jedna od 25 švedskih tradicionalnih pokrajina (švedski: landskap) na jugozapadu zemlje u regiji Götaland. Danas više nema nikakvu administrativnu funkciju, ali se njeni stanovnici još uvijek identificiraju sa njom.

Geografske karakteristike

Dalsland se proteže zapadno od Jezera Vänern sve do norveške granice. Graniči sa pokrajinama Värmland (sjever), Västergötland (jugoistok) i Bohuslän (zapad).

Dalsland je kraj dubokih šuma i brojnih jezera, koji ima i vlastiti ocean a to je Vänern, najveće švedsko jezero, sa kojim pokrajina graniči na istoku. Tu se pored obale nalaze drevni petroglifi i utvrde prastanovnika Dalslanda koji su tu živjeli za kamenog, željeznog i brončano doba.[1]

Dalsland ima površinu od 3 708 km²[2] na kojoj živi 56,226 stanovnika.[1]

Danas njen teritorij administrativno podpada pod grofovije Västra Götaland i Värmland.[2]

Dalsland je ravničarski kraj, najviše brdo - Baljåsen visoko je 302 metara.[2]

Historija

Dalsland je u historiji odigrao važnu ulogu kao granična pokrajina oko koje su Švedska i Norveška ratovale u nekoliko navrata tokom 18. i početkom 19. vijeka.[1]

Rudarstvo ima vrlo dugu tradiciju u Dalslandu, još od prahistorije, njegovi stanovnici znali su za umjetnost izrade željeza.[1]

Za ranog srednjeg vijeka stanovnici Dalslanda su uglavnom bili mali farmeri, zanatlije ili šumari, ali su krajem 17. i početkom 18. vijeka, počeli istraživati zemlju u rudarske svrhe. Prva polovica 19. vijeka bio je period kad je rudarstvo procvjetalo. Krajem 19. vijeka rudarstvo je zamrlo, pa su stanovnici morali pronaći nešto drugo da bi mogli preživjeti. Ogromna količina šuma, postala je sirovinska baza za rast novih industrija.[1] Zbog tog se pokrajina preorjentirala na proizvodnju papira. Ogromne količine vode, koja se mogla naći posvuda učinili su tu proizvodnju isplativom.[3]

Dolazak željeznice u Dalsland - 1870-ih, bio je događaj koji je bio prekretnica za lakši transport i komunikaciju, uz to tu je bio i kanal Dalsland koji je za ono vrijeme bio tehnološka senzacija.[3]

On je sagrađen kasnih 1860-ih, dug je 254 km, ali je svega 10 km iskopano, ostatak čine prirodni vodotoci.[1]

Privreda

Doba između 1850. - 1900. bio je period kad je Dalsland doživio veliki val iseljavanja, selili su se uglavnom mali farmeri pokušavajući pobjeći od siromaštva i gladi. Broj stanovnika koji su napustili Dalsland i odselili u Norvešku ili Ameriku, procijenjuje se na gotovo 64.000. Ali se od 1970. taj proces vratio unatrag, jer se brojni iseljenici vraćaju natrag zbog znatno bolje situacije. Ponovno je pokrenuto nekoliko tvornica, koje proizvode motore i papir, pa se pokrajina vraća snazi koju je imala prije stotinjak godina.[3]

Izvori

  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 Welcome to Dalsland (engleski). Sverigeturism. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2014-09-03. Pristupljeno 28. 04. 2015. 
  2. 2,0 2,1 2,2 Dalsland (švedski). Johmenvisst. Pristupljeno 28. 04. 2015. 
  3. 3,0 3,1 3,2 The History of Dalsland (engleski). Sverigeturism. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2014-09-03. Pristupljeno 28. 04. 2015. 

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