Ucraina

La carta di l'Ucraina
La bannera di l'Ucraina
Lu Stemma

L' Ucraina (Україна trasilittiratu Ucraijna, n'ucraìnu). È nu statu di l'Europa di l'est affazzatu supra ô Mari Nìuru e a lu Mari d'Azov, cunfina cu Russia, Belorussia, Polonia, Slovacchia, Unghirìa, Rumanìa e Moldavia. Doppu la Russia è lu cchiù granni paisi d'Europa comu estinzioni cu li sò 603.700 km². Havi 46.379.223 abbitanti (stima dû 2007), di chissi lu 64% sù Ucraìni, li Russi (vinuti duranti l'èbbica suvietica sù mmeci lu 32% e li minuranzi sù assai picca: Tartari, Belorussi, Pulacchi, Bulgari (ntâ Bessarabia), Unghirisi, Tudischi (ntî pruvinci di Rivne e Volinia), Greci (ntô Mari d'Azov). Data la granni migrazzioni agghiri l'Europa di l'ovest ntôcpiriudu 2000-2005 lu trend dimugràficu è nigativu (-0,9%). La vita media dî genti è vicina a li 68,5 anni, cu na murtalitati nfantili d'agghiri lu 4,4 pi milli. Si parra ucraìnu e russu (chiss'àutru ufficiali n Crimea).La sò capitali è Kiev. Àutri citati mpurtanti sunnu Liòpuli e Odessa. Nu 2015, a Crimea doppu nu'referendum filu-russu si jiunci â Federazzioni Russa, 'n seguitu l'Ucraina pirdì puru li oblast di Donetsk e Lugansk, ca ora si fannu acchiamari Nova Russia (2016).

Econumìa

L'Ucraina era una di li ripùbbrichi suvietichi cchiù evoluti e avanzati a liveddu ecunòmicu, accussì ca facìa casi 1/6 dû PIL di l'Unioni Sovietica. Assai evolutu ntî li campi di l'elittricitati, di la produzzioni di azzaru, ferru e ntî l'agricurtura. Veni chiamata Lu granaru d'Europa pi la granni quantitati campi di ciriali ntâ zona. Doppu nu calu di produzzioni ca àppi duranti la fini di l'Unioni Suvietica, ntô 2001 accuminzò cu na bona ripigghiata. Lu 57% dû tirritoriu nfatti è curtivatu e chissu pirmetti lu sviluppu di bona reti idrica. L'Ucraina è videmma nu paisi cu na bona quantitati di risursi minerari e di gas. Chiossai havi na bona nnustria metaddùrgica, eriditati di la vecchia nnustria suvietica. Si curtivanu puru urtaggi e di li ùrtimi anni '90 si curtivanu la racina di vinu propiu. La muneta è l'hrivna.

Storia

Abbitatu già di l'antichitati, agghiri lu VI e VII sèculu agghicaru li primi pupulazzioni slavi di li Ruteni, ca accuminzaru a lijarisi sempri chiossai câ Russia. Doppu na parèntisi vichinga e mòngulu-tartara, l'Ucraina addivintò assai "russizzata" nzinu a casi la fini di lu piriudu dâ Russia Mpiriali (1917). Canuscìu na nica parèntisi ripubbricana ntô piriudu 1918-1920, fu lijata sempri nzinu a lu 1991 a l'Unioni Sovietica e trasìu ntî l'ONU cu Russia e Belorussia comu mèmmiru funnaturi (sempri comu Urss pirò). Ntô 1986 cci fu lu casu di Chernobyl, ca scripintò na marea di pulèmichi agghiri l'usu di lu nucliari civili. Ntô 1991 l'Unioni Sovietica si sciugghìu e l'Ucraina addivintò nnipinnenti lu 24 di austu 1991.

Ntî lu piriudu post-nnipinnenza s'àppiru na sfunnacata di prubblemi pulitichi ntra filu-russi e europeisti filu-uccintali ca accabbaru cu l'accussidditta "Rivoluzzioni Aranciuni" (pi li culuri di bandani e maccaturi di li dimustranti) unni acchianaru ô putiri li filu-uccidinatali Viktor Yushenko e Julija Tymoshenko contro il governo, alla difesa del presidente,, furono affidate le forze speciali antisommossa Berkut. N'àutru prubblema puliticu è chiddu di la majuranza russa di Crimea c'addumanna la nnipinnenza di la riggiuni.


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