Трюфельная свинья

Свинья ищет трюфели. Жиньяк (Ло)

Трюфельная свинья — специально обученная домашняя свинья, используемая для поиска и извлечения из земли трюфелей в лесах умеренного пояса на территории Европы и Северной Америки. Свиньи имеют хорошее обоняние и способны чувствовать запах трюфелей на глубине до 1 метра. Считается, что половые гормоны свиней-самцов имеют сходный с трюфелями запах[1]. Поиск свиньёй трюфелей в подходящих для этого лесах проводится под контролем человека, держащего животное на поводке.

Упоминания об использовании свиней с целью поиска трюфелей известны со времён Римской империи, однако первое хорошо документированное свидетельство о подобной практике оставил в XV веке писатель и гурман времён Возрождения Бартоломео Платина[2]. В XVII веке о трюфельных свиньях писал Джон Рэй[2]. В 1875 году стоимость обученного соответствующим образом животного могла доходить до 200 франков[3], причём такое вложение могло быстро окупиться в связи с высокой ценой на трюфели. В настоящее время, однако, для поиска трюфелей чаще используются собаки, поскольку свиньи нередко съедают существенную часть находимых ими грибов[4].

Примечания

  1. ↑ Sullivan, Walter (1982-03-24). "Truffles: Why Pigs Can Sniff Them Out". The New York Times. Архивировано 14 октября 2017. Дата обращения: 1 октября 2017.
  2. ↑ 1 2 Hall, Ian R.; Gordon Brown; Alessandra Zambonelli. Taming the truffle: the history, lore, and science of the ultimate mushroom (англ.). — Timber Press[англ.], 2007. — ISBN 978-0-88192-860-0. Архивировано 14 мая 2016 года.
  3. ↑ Mammilia, their various forms and habits (1875) - Page 174 Google Books Архивная копия от 20 мая 2016 на Wayback Machine
  4. ↑ "Snuffling for truffles in Åland" Helsingin Sanomat, International ed. [1] Архивная копия от 24 октября 2012 на Wayback Machine

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