Оториноларингология

Врач-оториноларинголог осматривает ухо ребёнка

Оториноларинголо́гия (также часто отоларинголо́гия) (др.-греч., οὖς (ухо) + ῥινός (нос) + λάρυγξ (гортань) + λόγος (слово, мысль)) — раздел медицины и медицинская специальность, которая специализируется на диагностике и лечении патологий уха, горла, носа, а также головы и шеи[1].

Оториноларинго́лог или лор-врач (от ларингооторинология[1]), или в обиходе «ухо-горло-нос» — практикующий врач данной специальности.

История

Первые упоминания о строении, функции и заболеваниях уха и верхних дыхательных путей имеются в трудах Гиппократа, А. Цельса. В XIV веке сравнительно подробные сведения приводит Ги де Шолиак (Guy de Chauliac). Трудами этих ученых пользовались врачи на протяжении многих столетий.

Выделение оториноларинголо́гии в самостоятельную дисциплину началось с середины XIX века. Основанием для объединения явилось анатомо-топографическое единство этих органов, их физиологическая и функциональная взаимосвязь.

В развитие оториноларингологии в России большую роль сыграли основоположники крупнейших терапевтических школ С. П. Боткин и Г. А. Захарьин. Крупным событием было создание в Москве специальной клиники по болезням уха, носа и горла (1896) под руководством известного оториноларинголога С. Ф. Штейна[2].

Этимология

Термин otorhinolaryngologia составлен в медицинской латыни из словообразовательных единиц древнегреческого языка: οὖς (род. п. ὠτός) «ухо», ῥίς (род. п. ῥινός) «нос», λάρυγξ (род. п. λάρυγγος) «гортань/горло», и -λογία «наука». Дословно термин означает «наука уха, носа и горла».

См. также

Примечания

  1. ↑ 1 2 Большая российская энциклопедия : [в 35 т.] / гл. ред. Ю. С. Осипов. — М. : Большая российская энциклопедия, 2004—2017.
  2. ↑ ОТОРИНОЛАРИНГОЛОГИЯ — Большая Медицинская Энциклопедия. xn--90aw5c.xn--c1avg. Дата обращения: 11 июля 2019. Архивировано 19 января 2021 года.

Литература

  • Большая российская энциклопедия : [в 35 т.] / гл. ред. Ю. С. Осипов. — М. : Большая российская энциклопедия, 2004—2017.
  • Оториноларингология // 1. Малая медицинская энциклопедия. — М.: Медицинская энциклопедия. 1991—96 гг. 2. Первая медицинская помощь. — М.: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 1994 г. 3. Энциклопедический словарь медицинских терминов. — М.: Советская энциклопедия. — 1982—1984 гг.

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