Октябрьский диплом

Октябрьский диплом (нем. Oktoberdiplom) — австрийский конституционный закон от 20 октября 1860 года.

Неоабсолютистская монархия была введена в Австрийской империи так называемым Новогодним патентом (Silvesterpatent) в 1851 году, заморозившим действие в Австрии конституции. Октябрьский диплом был выпущен императором Францем Иосифом I в виде манифеста. Он содержал основные направления новой конституции для государства в форме конституционной монархии.

Октябрьский диплом подразумевал создание Имперского совета (Reichsrat), состоящего из 100 членов, исполнявшего совещательные функции в вопросах хозяйственных и финансовых. Законодательной властью совет практически не обладал. Военная и внешняя политика оставалась исключительно во власти императора.

Октябрьский диплом был своего рода компромиссом между объединительными стремлениями немецкого населения Австрийской империи и федералистскими настроениями остальных народов. Местные парламенты (ландтаги) имели право сохранить имеющуюся уже автономию от Имперского совета. Такой компромисс не устраивал как немцев, так и венгров Империи. Всеобщее неудовлетворение привело к замене Октябрьского диплома 4 месяцами спустя на Февральский патент (от 26 февраля 1861 года). Тем не менее, историки утверждают, что Октябрьский диплом положил начало «конституционному» периоду империи[1].

Примечания

  1. ↑ Okey, Robin. Habsburg Monarchy c. 1765-1918. pg. 178. Chicago: Rand McNally and Company, 1969.

Библиография

  • Okey, Robin. Habsburg Monarchy c. 1765-1918. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2002.

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