Двойное членение

Двойно́е члене́ние — возможность сегментации речевого сообщения на единицы, обладающие собственным значением: предложения, синтагмы, слова, морфемы (первое членение) — и на единицы, значение которых сводится к различению значащих единиц: слоги, фонемы (второе членение)^[1]^:18. Наличие двойного членения является одним из отличий человеческого языка от систем коммуникации животных^[2].

Термин «двойное членение» введён А. Мартине, который считал такое членение главным свойством языка^[3]. Сам А. Мартине называл результат первого членения (значащие единицы) монемами, а результат второго членения — фонемами^[4].

Двойное членение не следует смешивать с различением плана выражения и плана содержания; понятие двойного членения затрагивает только план выражения и подчёркивает тот факт, что единственной функцией единиц низшего уровня — звуковых — является образование единиц более высокого уровня^[5].

Значение

Двойное членение позволяет языкам экономно формировать тысячи слов в виде сочетаний звуков из небольшого набора^[5], за счёт чего использование языка человеком согласуется с возможностями его памяти, восприятия и артикуляционного аппарата^[2].

Примечания

↑ Касевич В. Б. Двойное членение в языке. План выражения и план содержания // Элементы общей лингвистики. — М.: Наука, 1977. — С. 18—20.
↑ ¹ ² Язык // Российский гуманитарный энциклопедический словарь. Архивировано 11 августа 2014 года.
↑ Мартине, Андре // Энциклопедия «Кругосвет». Архивировано 6 июня 2011 года.
↑ Слюсарева Н. А. Французская социологическая школа // Лингвистический энциклопедический словарь / Главный редактор В. Н. Ярцева. — М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1990. — 685 с. — ISBN 5-85270-031-2.
↑ ¹ ² Лайонз Дж. Структура языка // Введение в лингвистику = Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics / Пер. с англ. под ред. и с предисл. В. А. Звегинцева. — М.: Прогресс, 1978.

Литература

Мартине А. Основы общей лингвистики // Новое в лингвистике / Сост., ред. и вст. статьи В. А. Звегинцева. — М., 1963. — Вып. III.

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