Вихрь Перла

Вихрь Перла — это вихрь сверхтока в тонкой плёнке сверхпроводника типа II, впервые описанный в 1964 году Джудом Перлом[1]. Вихрь Перла подобен вихрю Абрикосова, за исключением профиля его магнитного поля, который из-за преобладающей границы раздела воздух-металл резко расходится как 1/ на небольших расстояниях от центра и медленно затухает, как 1/ на дальних расстояниях. Вихри Абрикосова, для сравнения, взаимодействуют на очень коротком расстоянии и расходятся как вблизи центра.

Транспортный ток, протекающий через сверхпроводящую пленку, может заставить эти вихри двигаться с постоянной скоростью пропорциональной и перпендикулярной транспортному току[2]. Из-за их близости к поверхности и резкого расхождения полей в их центрах вихри Перла действительно можно увидеть в сканирующий СКВИД-микроскоп[3][4][5]. Характерная длина, определяющая распределение магнитного поля вокруг центра вихря, определяется соотношением / , также известный как «длина Перла», где  — толщина плёнки и  — лондовская глубина проникновения[6]. Поскольку это отношение может достигать макроскопических размеров (~1 мм), сделав плёнку достаточно тонкой, её можно относительно легко измерить и использовать для оценки плотности сверхпроводящих электронов[5].

Примечания

  1. Pearl, Judea (1964). "Current distribution in superconducting films carrying quantized fluxoids". Applied Physics Letters. 5 (4): 65—66. Bibcode:1964ApPhL...5...65P. doi:10.1063/1.1754056.
  2. Kogan, V.G.; Nakagawa, N. (2021). "Moving Pearl vortices in thin-film superconductors". arXiv:2102.00073 [cond-mat.supr-con].
  3. Tafuri, F. (2004). "Magnetic Imaging of Pearl vortices in Artificially layered Systems" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 92 (15). Bibcode:2004PhRvL..92o7006T. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.157006. PMID 15169312.
  4. Pozzi, G. (2007). "Electron optical effects of a Pearl vortex near the film edge". Physical Review B. 76 (54510). Bibcode:2007PhRvB..76e4510P. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.76.054510.
  5. 1 2 Bert, Julie A. (2011). "Direct imaging of the coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity at the interface". Nature Physics. 7 (10): 767––771. arXiv:1108.3150. Bibcode:2011NatPh...7..767B. doi:10.1038/nphys2079.
  6. Clem, John R. (2010). "Josephson junctions in thin and narrow rectangular superconducting strips". Physical Review B. 81 (14). arXiv:1003.0839. Bibcode:2010PhRvB..81n4515C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.81.144515.

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