Размах (статистика)

Размах — разность между наибольшим и наименьшим значениями результатов наблюдений. Пусть  — взаимно независимые случайные величины с функцией распределения и плотностью вероятности . В этом случае размах определяется как разность между наибольшим и наименьшим значениями среди ; размах представляет собой случайную величину, которой соответствует функция распределения:

(при w >= 0; если w < 0, то P {W <= w} = 0).

В математической статистике размах, надлежащим образом нормированный, применяется как оценка неизвестного квадратичного отклонения. Например, если имеют нормальное распределение с параметрами (а, s), то при n = 5 и 10, соответственно, величины 0,4299W5 и 0,3249W10 будут несмещенными оценками s. Такие оценки часто используют при статистическом контроле качества, поскольку определение Р. нескольких результатов измерений не требует сложных вычислений.

Литература

  • Хальд А. , Математическая статистика с техническими приложениями, пер. с англ., М., 1956.

Примечания

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