Кутан (вещество)

Кута́н — компонент кутикулы некоторых высших растений (Embryophyta). Биополимер на основе алифатических углеводородов. В отличие других компонентов кутикулы — кутина и восков — устойчив к щелочному гидролизу (омылению)[1]. Среди современных растений выявлен у ксерофитов, преимущественно у покрытосеменных-суккулентов, осуществляющих CAM-фотосинтез, однако также обнаружен в кутикуле голосеменногоногоплодника[1].

История изучения

Кутан был впервые описан в 1986 году методами ядерного магнитного резонанса в качестве неомыляемого компонента растительной кутикулы современных и ископаемых растений[2]. Из-за высокой устойчивости его химическая природа некоторое время оставалась предметом дискуссии. В разное время появлялись сообщения об обнаружении в его составе полисахаридных и ароматических компонентов, которые, по-видимому, были связаны с некачественной очисткой материала[1].

Палеонтология

Кутаны (в виде алифатического сигнала) в значительном количестве выявляются в некоторых ископаемых остатках листьев, а также в континентальных осадочных породах растительного происхождения, таких как каменный уголь. По-видимому, они более устойчивы к деградации при фоссилизации, нежели прочие компоненты кутикулы. Высказана гипотеза о том, что по обилию кутанов можно судить об адаптации вымерших растений к засушливым условиям, а возможно, и о наличии у них CAM-фотосинтеза[1].

Примечания

  1. 1 2 3 4 Boom A., Sinninge Damsté J. S., de Leeuw J. W. Cutan, a common aliphatic biopolymer in cuticles of drought-adapted plants // Organic Geochemistry. — 2005. — Vol. 36. — P. 595—601. — doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2004.10.017.
  2. Nip M., Tegelaar E. W., de Leeuw J. W., Schenck P. A. A new non-saponifiable highly aliphatic and resistant biopolymer in plant cuticles // Naturwissenschaften. — 1986. — Vol. 73. — P. 579—585. — doi:10.1007/BF00368768.

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