Диярбекир (древний город)

Ярбекир-кала на карте городов Хорезма

Диярбекир (также: Ярбекир-кала; туркм. Diýärbekir) — город (крепость) Туркменистана античного и средневекового периодов, развалины которого находятся в Дашогузском велаяте. В прошлом был частью Хорезма.

История

Археологи определили, что город возник, вероятнее всего в IV—III вв. до н. э., затем, в течение длительного времени город пребывал в запустении. Средневековый этап жизни относится к периоду существования Государства Великих хорезмшахов (XI—XIII вв) и золотордынскому времени (XIV в.). Считается, что к XV веку население навсегда покинуло это место.[1]

Описание

В Диярбекире хорошо сохранились крепостные стены средневековой эпохи с внутренним стрелковым коридором, а также полуовальные башни. В восточной стене имеются остатки привратного сооружения. Внутри самой крепости и вокруг нее сохранились остатки различных построек. К юго-востоку от крепости находятся руины крупного объекта эпохи Хорезмшахов — вероятно, караван-сарай нестандартной планировки. В окрестностях существовало много ирригационных сооружений, гончарных мастерских и жилых усадеб.[1]

Интересные факты

Туркменские старожилы Дашогузского велаята считают, что именно это крепость была упомянута в туркменском дастане «Шасенем и Гариб».[2] По мнению исследователя хорезмийской цивилизации, туркменского археолога Х. Юсупова, крепость Диярбекир упомянута в трудах историка Государства Хулагуидов XIII—XIV вв. Хамдаллаха Казвини под названием Хорезм-и-ноу (новый Хорезм).[3]

См. также

Ак-кала - Акчагелин - Дарган - Девкесен - Джигербент - Замакшар - Калалыгыр - Канга-кала - Капарас - Кёнеургенч - Куня-Уаз - Кырк-молла - Кюзелигыр - Садвар - Шахсенем

Примечания

  1. ↑ 1 2 TurkmenPortal. Крепость Диярбекир (Ярбекир-кала). Türkmenistanyň internet portaly. Дата обращения: 18 февраля 2022. Архивировано 18 февраля 2022 года.
  2. ↑ S. Atanyýazow (С. Атаниязов). Türkmenistanyň geografik atlarynyň düşündürüşli sözlügi (Толковый словарь географических названий Туркменистана). Ашхабад: Ылым (1980). Дата обращения: 18 февраля 2022. Архивировано 9 января 2022 года.
  3. ↑ Хемра Юсупов. Приузбойские туркменские племена XIV-XV вв. — Ylym, 1975. — 136 с. Архивировано 18 февраля 2022 года.

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