Partidul Conservator (România, 1880–1918)

Pentru alte sensuri, vedeți Partidul Conservator.
Partidul Conservator
Oameni cheie
PreședinteManolache Costache Epureanu
Lascăr Catargiu
Ion Emanuel Florescu
Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino
Petre P. Carp
Titu Maiorescu
Alexandru Marghiloman
Date
Înființat3 februarie 1880
Desființat  Modificați la Wikidata
SediuBucurești
Informații
Ideologie oficialăConservatorism
Pașilor mărunți
Poziție politicăCentru
Culori oficialeAlb

Partidul Conservator a fost între 1880[1] și 1918 una dintre cele două forțe politice principale din România, cealaltă fiind Partidul Național Liberal. A fost partid de guvernare timp de 14 ani, mai mult de o treime din existența sa.

A fost fondat pe 3 februarie 1880 în București, pe baza unor doctrine ale diverselor grupuri conservatoare existente dinainte. Precursorii partidului au fost gruparea politică „Juna Dreaptă” (noiembrie 1868) și ziarul Timpul (fondat martie 1876).[1]

Partidul se baza pe susținerea marilor proprietari de pământ, burghezia, și a unor intelectuali. Politica economică se baza pe susținerea industriei ușoare, dar nu se împotriveau nici investițiilor în industria grea.

Răscoala țărănească din 1907 a demonstrat necesitatea efectuării unor reforme pe scena politică și socială din România. Acesta este motivul pentru care conservatorii au acceptat în 1913 o serie de reforme, cum ar fi votul universal, promovat de liberali. După Marea Unire a Transilvaniei cu România, conservatorii nu au mai jucat însă un rol important în politica României.

La începutul secolului XX, partidul a suferit mai multe rupturi. În ianuarie 1908, Take Ionescu a părăsit partidul pentru a forma Partidul Conservator-Democrat (PCD). În mai 1915, a părăsit partidul Nicolae Filipescu împreună cu un grup care susținea intrarea în primul război mondial de partea Antantei; în octombrie 1916, grupările lui Filipescu și Ionescu au fuzionat în Partidul Conservator Naționalist.[2]

În perioada 19181919 partidul s-a rupt în Partidul Conservator-Democrat (care a fuzionat în 1922 cu Partidul Național-Țărănesc) și Partidul Conservator-Progresist.[3]

Guverne formate

Președinții partidului

Alți membri importanți

Publicațiile partidului

Note

  1. ^ a b c Scurtu 1982, p.41n; pentru data de fondare a partidului este indicată februarie 1880, fără a fi specificată ziua din lună.
  2. ^ Scurtu 1982, p.42
  3. ^ Ioan Scurtu, Theodora Stănescu-Stanciu, Georgiana Margareta Scurtu - Istoria Românilor între anii 1918–1940, pe pagina de web creată de Universitatea București.

Bibliografie

  • Ioan Scurtu, Viața politică din România 1918–1944, Albatros, 1982.
  • Anastasie Iordache, Originile și constituirea Partidului Conservator din România, Editura Paideia, 1999


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