Conciliul Tridentin

Papa Paul al III-lea, inspirat de alegoria Credinței, decide convocarea Conciliului de la Trento (pictură de Sebastiano Ricci).

Conciliul Tridentin sau Conciliul de la Trento, cunoscut și sub numele latin Concilium Tridentinum, a fost cel de-al nouăsprezecelea sinod ecumenic, recunoscut ca atare de Biserica Catolică, ținut între 1545 și 1563 pentru clarificarea problemelor ridicate de Reforma protestantă.

Decizii adoptate

  • Înființarea seminariilor teologice, ca locuri pentru formarea viitorilor preoți
  • Plasarea altarului la loc vizibil în biserici (în evul mediu spațiul clericilor era delimitat de cel al mirenilor printr-un perete sau grilaj despărțitor)
  • Păstrarea cuminecăturii în tabernacolul plasat pe masa altarului, spre deosebire de obiceiul medieval care prevedea ca ostiile consacrate să fie păstrate în nișe special construite în biserici
  • Introducerea confesionalelor (acele "dulapuri" pentru spovadă, specifice Bisericii Catolice)
  • Introducerea scaunelor în biserici, sub formă de bănci
  • Stabilirea canonului Bibliei pentru Biserica Catolică[1]
  • În decretele asupra căsătoriei (sesiunea a XXIV-a din anul 1563) s-a decis ca, pentru a fi validă, căsătoria trebuie să aibă loc în fața unui preot, în prezența a doi martori. Prin anularea condiției de consimțământ din partea părinților s-a încheiat o dispută care se prelungea începând din secolul al XII-lea. În cazul unui divorț, partea nevinovată nu avea drept de recăsătorire cât timp trăia cealaltă parte la căsătorie, chiar dacă acea persoană comisese adulter.[2]
Conciliul de la Trento, pictură de Pasquale Cati (sau Cati da Iesi), 1588, în Biserica "Santa Maria in Trastevere" din Roma

Listă de decrete

Decret Sesiune Dată Canoane Capitole
Canonul biblic 4 8 aprilie 1546 nici unul 1
Păcatul strămoșesc 5 7 iunie 1546 5 4
Mântuirea 6 13 ianuarie 1547 33 16
Sfintele Taine 7 3 martie 1547 13 1
Botezul 14 nici unul
Mirungerea (Confirmațiunea) 4 martie 1547 3
Euharistia 13 11 octombrie 1551 11 8
Spovada 14 15 noiembrie 1551 15 15
Maslul (Ungerea bolnavilor) 4 noiembrie 1551 4 3
Căsătoria 24 11 noiembrie 1563 12 10
25 4 decembrie 1563 nici unul 3
Indulgențe 1

Literatură

Martin Chemnitz, Examen concilii Tridentini (1565-73)
Johann Heinrich Heidegger, De fide decretorum concilii Tridentini quaestiones (1662)

Paolo Sarpi, Istoria del Concilio tridentino, 1935

Paolo Sarpi, Istoria del concilio Tridentino (1619)

Referințe

  1. ^ Bart Ehrman - The History of the Bible: The Making of the New Testament Canon The Teaching Company, Lecția nr. 12.
  2. ^ O'Malley, John W., in The Sensuous in the Counter-Reformation Church, Eds: Marcia B. Hall, Tracy E. Cooper, 2013, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978110701323032-36, google books, p. 31.

Legături externe


v • d • m
Sinoade ecumenice
Primele șapte sinoade

Niceea (325) • Constantinopol (381) • Efes (431) • Calcedon (451) • Constantinopol (553) • Constantinopol (680) • Niceea (787) (869-870)

Sinoadele ulterioare, recunoscute
parțial de Biserica Ortodoxă
Sinoadele ulterioare, recunoscute
de Biserica Catolică

Constantinopol IV (869-870) • Lateran I (1123) • Lateran II (1139) • Lateran III (1179) • Lateran IV (1215) • Lyon I (1245) • Lyon II (1274) • Vienne (1311–1312) • Pisa (1409) • Konstanz (1414-1418) • Siena (1423-1424) • Basel/Florența (1431-1445) • Lateran V (1512-1514) • Trento (1545-1563) • Vatican I (1869-1870) • Vatican II (1962-1965)

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