Édouard Roche

Édouard Roche
Édouard Roche
Nascimento 17 de outubro de 1820
Montpellier
Morte 27 de abril de 1883 (62 anos)
Montpellier
Cidadania França
Alma mater
Ocupação astrônomo, matemático, meteorologista, professor universitário
Distinções
  • Cavaleiro da Legião de Honra
Empregador(a) Universidade de Montpellier
Obras destacadas Limite de Roche, Lóbulo de Roche, Esfera de Hill
Causa da morte pneumonia

Édouard Albert Roche (Montpellier, França, 17 de outubro de 1820 – Montpellier, 27 de abril de 1883) foi um cientista francês cujos estudos mais conhecidos concentram-se na mecânica celestial. Em seu nome são definidos os conceitos da Esfera de Roche, Limite de Roche e Lóbulo de Roche.

Biografia

Ele nasceu em Montpellier e estudou na Universidade de Montpellier, recebendo seu D.Sc. em 1844 e mais tarde se tornando professor na mesma instituição, onde serviu na Faculté des Sciences a partir de 1849. Roche fez um estudo matemático da hipótese nebular de Laplace e apresentou seus resultados em uma série de artigos para a Academia de Montpellier de sua nomeação até 1877. Os mais importantes foram os cometas (1860) e a própria hipótese nebular (1873). Os estudos da Roche examinaram os efeitos de fortes campos gravitacionais sobre enxames de partículas minúsculas.

Ele é talvez mais famoso por sua teoria de que os anéis planetários de Saturno foram formados quando uma grande lua gelada chegou muito perto de Saturno e foi separada por forças gravitacionais. Ele descreveu um método para calcular a distância na qual um objeto mantido unido apenas pela gravidade se quebraria devido às forças da maré; essa distância ficou conhecida como limite de Roche.

Seus outros trabalhos mais conhecidos também envolveram a mecânica orbital. A esfera Roche descreve os limites nos quais um objeto que está em órbita em torno de dois outros objetos será capturado por um ou outro, e o lóbulo Roche se aproxima da esfera gravitacional de influência de um corpo astronômico em face de perturbações de outro corpo mais pesado em torno da qual orbita.[1][2]

Trabalhos

As obras de Roche são em francês, sua língua vernácula.

Referências

  1. Z. Kopal, The Roche problem, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1989 ISBN 0-7923-0129-3
  2. Brush, Stephen G. (1996), A History of Modern Planetary Physics: Nebulous Earth, 1, Cambridge University Press, p. 96, ISBN 0521441714

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