Tratado de Lübeck

Cópia do Tratado de Lübeck

O Tratado de Lübeck (em dinamarquês: Freden i Lübeck, em alemão: Lübecker Frieden) encerrou a intervenção dinamarquesa na Guerra dos Trinta Anos (Baixa Saxônia ou Guerra do Imperador, Kejserkrigen). Foi assinado em Lübeck em 22 de maio de 1629 por Albrecht von Wallenstein e Cristiano IV da Dinamarca, e em 7 de junho por Fernando II, Sacro Imperador Romano. A Liga Católica foi formalmente incluída como partido. Ele restaurou à Dinamarca-Noruega seu território pré-guerra ao custo do desligamento final dos assuntos imperiais.

Tratado

O tratado foi concluído por Albrecht von Wallenstein e Cristiano IV da Dinamarca em 22 de maio de 1629,[1] e ratificado por Fernando II, imperador do Sacro Império Romano, em 7 de junho.[2] A Liga Católica foi formalmente adicionada como um partido. O tratado restaurou a Cristiano IV suas posses pré-guerra e o obrigou a ceder suas reivindicações aos bispados da Baixa Saxônia, a interromper suas alianças com os estados do norte da Alemanha e a não interferir nos assuntos imperiais no futuro.[1][3][4]

Tilly não conseguiu implementar uma compensação dos custos da guerra imperial em Christian IV.[2] Também não constava no texto do tratado que Cristiano IV deixasse de apoiar Frederico V, Eleitor Palatino, como exigia Maximiliano I, Eleitor da Baviera.[2]

Consequências

O tratado marcou um ponto de virada no status da Dinamarca-Noruega, posteriormente reduzido de uma grande potência europeia a um estado politicamente insignificante.[5] A nova potência nórdica seria a Suécia, que viria a virar a maré da Guerra dos Trinta Anos depois que suas forças desembarcaram na Pomerânia em 1630, e, começando com a Guerra de Torstenson, posteriormente privou a Dinamarca de seu transporte. províncias de Kattegat.

O tratado dividiu ainda mais Cristiano IV e o Rigsraadet, pois Cristiano IV argumentou que, se este último estivesse no comando, teria aceitado as demandas territoriais e financeiras imperiais iniciais.

Fernando II esperava termos mais favoráveis ​​e ficou surpreso e desapontado com o que Wallenstein havia negociado.[6] Embora ele tivesse providenciado para impor seus custos de guerra a Cristiano IV, isso não era mais uma opção.[6]

Privados da proteção dinamarquesa-norueguesa, os estados do norte da Alemanha enfrentaram o Édito de Restituição, emitido por Fernando II já durante as negociações. Visava uma recatolização do norte da Alemanha e a restituição de antigas possessões eclesiais que haviam sido secularizadas durante a Reforma Protestante.

Referências

  1. a b Albrecht (1998), p. 672
  2. a b c Albrecht (1998), p. 691
  3. Kohler (1990), p. 37
  4. Heckel (1983), p. 143
  5. Lockhart (2007), p. 172
  6. a b Heckel (1983), p. 144

Bibliografia

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