Transcarpátia

Brasão de armas dos Rusyns
Carpatho-Rusyn sub-groups - Prešov area Lemkos (left side) and Przemyśl area Rusyns in stylised traditional folk-costumes. Photo: Village Mokre near Sanok. 2007
Zakarpattia Oblast da Ucrânia (em vermelho)
A estrada para Yasinya a partir de um centro de esqui

A Rutênia Subcarpática, Transcarpátia,[1] Transcarpácia,[2][3] Rutênia Cárpata, ou ainda Rutênia dos Cárpatos, é uma região histórica do Leste Europeu, já dominada sucessivamente pela Hungria, Império Austro-Húngaro, Tchecoslováquia,[4] Hungria (por causa da ocupação alemã da Checoslováquia)[5], União Soviética (com a anexação desse território após a segunda guerra, posteriormente incorporado ao território da república socialista soviética da Ucrânia em 1956 )[6][7] e a Ucrânia (após a Dissolução da União Soviética). Atualmente a maior parte de seu território compõe o óblast ucraniano da Zacarpátia.

O nome deriva do protoeslavo Za Karpattiya ("além dos Cárpatos"). Por isso a região também é conhecida no ocidente como Transcarpátia, tradução do prefixo eslavo za- pelo latino trans- (como Transjordânia e Transnístria). Nos países eslavos ocidentais (Polônia, República Tcheca, Eslováquia) é conhecida como Podcarpátia, o que seria equivalente a Ciscarpátia, já que do ponto de vista ocidental a região está aquém dos Cárpatos.

O outro nome alternativo, Rutênia Subcarpátia, faz referência à Rutênia, região histórica muito maior que compreenderia a Rússia europeia, a Bielorrússia e grande parte da Ucrânia, e seria a origem dos povos eslavos.

Referências

  1. Rocha, Carlos (29 de março de 2022). «Topónimos da Ucrânia». Ciberdúvidas da Língua Portuguesa. Consultado em 29 de março de 2022. (...) a forma Transcarpátia é preferível a  "Transcarpácia", atendendo a que, em referência aos Cárpatos, se diz e escrever carpático, com t, e não "carpácico". 
  2. Exemplo de utilização: «Folha Online - Dinheiro - Milton Friedman, vencedor do Prêmio Nobel de Economia, morre aos 94 - 16/11/2006». www1.folha.uol.com.br. Consultado em 18 de abril de 2010 
  3. Correia, Paulo (Primavera de 2022). «Ucrânia — ficha de país» (PDF). a folha – Boletim da língua portuguesa nas instituições europeias. Consultado em 27 de julho de 2022 
  4. Preclík, Vratislav. Masaryk a legie (Masaryk and legions), váz. kniha, 219 pages, first issue vydalo nakladatelství Paris Karviná, Žižkova 2379 (734 01 Karvina, Czech Republic) ve spolupráci s Masarykovým demokratickým hnutím (Masaryk Democratic Movement, Prague), 2019, ISBN 978-80-87173-47-3, pages 35 – 53, 106 - 107, 111-112, 124–125, 128, 129, 132, 140–148, 184–199.
  5. «Ocupação alemã da Checoslováquia». Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre. 17 de fevereiro de 2024. Consultado em 1 de julho de 2024 
  6. «Oblast da Transcarpátia». Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre. 1 de julho de 2024. Consultado em 1 de julho de 2024 
  7. «Zakarpattia Oblast». Wikipedia (em inglês). 27 de junho de 2024. Consultado em 1 de julho de 2024 
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