Tintura de cabelo

Pessoa de cabelo azul durante a WikiCon Brasil 2022

Coloração de cabelo, ou tintura de cabelo, é a prática de mudar a cor dos cabelos. As principais razões para isso são cosméticas: cobrir cabelos grisalhos ou brancos, mudar para uma cor considerada mais elegante ou desejável, ou restaurar a cor original do cabelo depois de ter sido descolorido por processos de cabeleireiro ou descoloração solar.[1]

A coloração do cabelo pode ser feita profissionalmente por um cabeleireiro ou de forma independente em casa. Hoje, a tintura de cabelo é muito popular, com 75% das mulheres[2] e 18% dos homens que vivem em Copenhague tendo relatado o uso de tintura de cabelo (de acordo com um estudo da Universidade de Copenhague). A coloração caseira nos Estados Unidos atingiu US$ 1,9 bilhão em 2011 e havia a previsão de aumento para US$ 2,2 bilhões até 2016.

História

Diodoro Siculo, um historiador grego, descreveu em detalhes como celtas tingiam seus cabelos de loiro: "Seu aspecto é assustador... Eles são muito altos em estatura, com músculos protuberantes sob a pele branca clara. Seus cabelos são loiros, mas não naturalmente: eles descolorem, até hoje, artificialmente, lavando-os com cal e penteando-os para trás da testa. Eles se parecem com demônios da floresta, seus cabelos grossos e desgrenhados como a crina de um cavalo. Alguns deles são bem barbeados, mas outros — especialmente os de alto escalão — raspam as bochechas, mas deixam um bigode que cobre toda a boca."[3][4]

Lafayette em 1830, aos 73 anos, com cabelos negros como breu (pintura de Louise-Adéone Drölling ).

A coloração dos cabelos é uma arte milenar que envolve o tratamento dos cabelos com diversos compostos químicos. Antigamente, os corantes eram obtidos de plantas.[5] Alguns dos mais conhecidos são henna (Lawsonia inermis), corante anil, senna, açafrão e amla . Outros incluem katam (buxus dioica), casca de nogueira preta, ocre vermelho e alho-poró.[6] No livro de 1661, Eighteen Books of the Secrets of Art & Nature, são explicados vários métodos de coloração de cabelo preto, dourado, verde, vermelho, amarelo e branco.[7] O desenvolvimento de corantes sintéticos para cabelos remonta à descoberta da reatividade da parafenilenodiamina (PPD) em 1860 com o ar.[8]

Eugène Schueller, o fundador da L'Oréal, é reconhecido por criar a primeira tintura de cabelo sintética em 1907.[9] Em 1947, a empresa de cosméticos alemã Schwarzkopf lançou o primeiro produto de cor para casa, "Poly Color".[10] A tintura de cabelo é agora uma indústria multibilionária que envolve o uso de corantes derivados de plantas e sintéticos.[11]

Referências

  1. «10 erros imperdoáveis na hora de tingir os cabelos». Portal Terra 
  2. Vedel-Krogh, Signe; Nielsen, Sune F.; Schnohr, Peter; Nordestgaard, Børge G. (2016). «Morbidity and Mortality in 7,684 Women According to Personal Hair Dye Use: The Copenhagen City Heart Study followed for 37 Years». PLOS ONE. 11 (3): e0151636. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1151636V. PMC 4795553Acessível livremente. PMID 26986063. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151636Acessível livremente 
  3. «The Celts». www.ibiblio.org. Consultado em 27 de março de 2018 
  4. «Diodorus Siculus, Library of History - Exploring Celtic Civilizations». exploringcelticciv.web.unc.edu. Consultado em 27 de março de 2018 
  5. Corbett, J. F. Hair Colorants: Chemistry and Toxicology; Micelle Press: Dorset, U.K., 1998; Thompson, R. H. "Naturally Occurring Quinones" Academic Press: New York, 1957.
  6. BBC. «BBC - Radio 4 Woman's Hour -The History of Hair Dye» 
  7. Wecker, Johann Jacob (1661). Eighteen Books of the Secrets of Art & Nature. [S.l.: s.n.] pp. 82–84 
  8. "Hair Preparations," Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (2006). doi:10.1002/14356007.a12_571.pub2
  9. Pointer, Sally (1 de maio de 2005). The Artifice of Beauty: A History and Practical Guide to Perfume and Cosmetics. [S.l.]: The History Press. ISBN 978-0750938877 
  10. «Schwarzkopf >COMPANY >History Milestones of success». Consultado em 14 de janeiro de 2015. Arquivado do original em 17 de fevereiro de 2015 
  11. Morel, Olivier J. X.; Christie, Robert M. (2011). «Current Trends in the Chemistry of Permanent Hair Dyeing». Chemical Reviews. 111 (4): 2537–2561. PMID 21265503. doi:10.1021/cr1000145 
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