Thornton Wilder

Thornton Wilder

Thornton Wilder (18 de agosto de 1948)
Nome completo Thornton Niven Wilder
Nascimento 17 de abril de 1897
Madison, Estados Unidos
Morte 7 de dezembro de 1975 (78 anos)
Nacionalidade Norte-americano
Ocupação Escritor
Prémios Prémio Pulitzer de Ficção (1928)

Prémio Pulitzer de Teatro (1938)
Medalha Presidencial da Liberdade (1963)
National Book Award - Ficção (1968)

Magnum opus The Eighth Day

Thornton Niven Wilder (17 de abril de 1897, Madison, Wisconsin, Estados Unidos7 de dezembro de 1975) foi um escritor estadunidense.

Depois de graduar-se em 1920 na Universidade Yale, Connecticut, cursou arqueologia em Roma. Esteve na Europa entre os fins dos anos 20 e início dos anos 30 acompanhando o florescimento da moderna dramaturgia de Pirandello, Cocteau e Strindberq. Em sua carreira diplomática foi cônsul dos USA em Hong Kong, Em sua adolescência, na China, onde o seu pai era membro consular, lhe deu o conhecimento necessário para sua atividade diplomática. Sua estreia como romancista foi com "The Cabala" escrita em 1926, fruto da admiração pela antiguidade clássica e da inabalável fé cristã do autor.[1]

Sua obra mais conhecida, A Ponte de San Luis Rey, lhe rendeu o Prémio Pulitzer de Ficção. Por outras peças que escreveu recebeu mais dois Pulitzers.[2]

Wilder é considerado um clássico da literatura americana. Alcançou o sucesso, sobretudo, com suas obras teatrais como Our Town (1938), parábola da vida cotidiana que gira sempre ao redor das mesmas preocupações (o trabalho, o amor e a morte), ou The Skin of Our Teeth (1942), na qual as personagens se debatem com catástrofes sucessivas. Os romances e as novelas de Wilder abordam também problemas de natureza metafísica, como saber até que ponto o destino determina a vida do ser humano. Já nos seus textos da juventude, como The Bridge of San Luis Rey (1927), questiona a existência de uma misteriosa vontade divina. Wilder renovou o teatro americano ao renunciar ao estilo naturalista, utilizando, para tal, elementos estilísticos próprios do teatro épico de Bertolt Brecht e da tragédia antiga. Sua última peça, A Alcestíada (1955), é uma interpretação cristã do Alceste de Eurípedes.[3]

Obras

Peças de teatro

  • The Trumpet Shall Sound (1926)
  • The Angel That Troubled the Waters and Other Plays (1928):[4]
    • "Nascuntur Poetae"
    • "Proserpina and the Devil"
    • "Fanny Otcott"
    • "Brother Fire"
    • "The Penny That Beauty Spent"
    • "The Angel on the Ship"
    • "The Message and Jehanne"
    • "Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came"
    • "Centaurs"
    • "Leviathan"
    • "And the Sea Shall Give Up Its Dead"
    • "The Servant's Name Was Malchus"
    • "Mozart and the Gray Steward"
    • "Hast Thou Considered My Servant Job?"
    • "The Flight Into Egypt"
    • "The Angel That Troubled the Waters"
  • The Long Christmas Dinner and Other Plays in One Act (1931):
    • The Long Christmas Dinner
    • Queens of France
    • Pullman Car Hiawatha
    • Love and How to Cure It
    • Such Things Only Happen in Books
    • The Happy Journey to Trenton and Camden
  • Our Town (1938)— venceu o Prémio Pulitzer de Teatro[5]
  • The Merchant of Yonkers (1938)
  • The Skin of Our Teeth (1942)—won the Pulitzer Prize[5]
  • The Matchmaker (1954)—revised from The Merchant of Yonkers
  • The Alcestiad: Or, a Life in the Sun (1955)
  • Childhood (1960)
  • Infancy (1960)
  • Plays for Bleecker Street (1962)
  • The Collected Short Plays of Thornton Wilder Volume I (1997):
    • The Long Christmas Dinner
    • Queens of France
    • Pullman Car Hiawatha
    • Love and How to Cure It
    • Such Things Only Happen in Books
    • The Happy Journey to Trenton and Camden
    • The Drunken Sisters
    • Bernice
    • The Wreck on the Five-Twenty-Five
    • A Ringing of Doorbells
    • In Shakespeare and the Bible
    • Someone from Assisi
    • Cement Hands
    • Infancy
    • Childhood
    • Youth
    • The Rivers Under the Earth

Romances

  • Ides of March (1948)
  • The Eighth Day (1967)— venceu o National Book Award de Ficção[7]
  • Theophilus North (1973) [reprinted as Mr. North following the appearance of the film of the same name]

Colecções

  • Wilder, Thornton (2007). McClatchy, JD, ed. Thornton Wilder, Collected Plays and Writings on Theater. Col: Library of America. 172. New York: Library of America. ISBN 978-1-59853-003-2 
  • Wilder, Thornton (2009). McClatchy, JD, ed. Thornton Wilder, The Bridge of San Luis Rey and Other Novels 1926–1948. Col: Library of America. 194. New York: Library of America. ISBN 978-1-59853-045-2 

Referências

  1. «Thornton Wilder - Teatro de Amadores de Pernambuco». 18 de setembro de 2015. Consultado em 18 de setembro de 2015 
  2. «Thornton Wilder - Autores no SKOOB». 18 de setembro de 2015. Consultado em 18 de setembro de 2015 
  3. «[titulo] Biografia - UOL Educação». 18 de setembro de 2015. Consultado em 18 de setembro de 2015 
  4. http://www.loa.org/volume.jsp?RequestID=254&section=toc
  5. a b "Drama". Past winners & finalists by category. The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 2012-03-28.
  6. "Novel". Past winners & finalists by category. The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 2012-03-28.
  7. "National Book Awards – 1968". National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2012-03-28.
    (With essay by Harold Augenbraum from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.)

Ligações externas

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