Templo de Asclépio (Roma)

Templo de Asclépio
Templo de Asclépio (Roma)
Restos da "proa" na Ilha Tiberina.
Templo de Asclépio (Roma)
Gravura de Piranesi (séc. XVIII). Ao fundo, San Bartolomeo all'Isola, construída bem em cima do antigo templo.
Informações gerais
Tipo Templo
Construção 289 a.C.
Geografia
País Itália
Cidade Roma
Localização XIV Região - Transtiberim
Coordenadas 41° 53′ 24,36″ N, 12° 28′ 43,68″ L
Templo de Asclépio está localizado em: Roma
Templo de Asclépio
Templo de Asclépio

Templo de Asclépio ou, em sua forma latinizada, Templo de Esculápio foi um templo dedicado a Asclépio, deus grego da medicina, na Ilha Tiberina em Roma.

História

O templo foi construído pela primeira vez entre 293 e 290 a.C. e inaugurado em 289 a.C.[1] Segundo a lenda, uma epidemia atingiu Roma em 293 a.C., levando o Senado a construir um templo dedicado a Asclépio, cujo nome latinizado era Esculápio. Depois de terem sido consultados os Livros Sibilinos, que deram uma resposta favorável, uma delegação de anciãos romanos liderada por Quinto Ogúlnio Galo foi enviada a Epidauro, na Grécia, famosa por seu santuário a Asclépio, para obter uma estátua do deus para que fosse levada a Roma. A lenda também relata que, durante os ritos dedicatórios, uma grande serpente (um dos atributos de Asclépio) fugiu do santuário e se escondeu num barco romano. Certos de que isto seria um sinal de favorecimento do deus, a delegação romana rapidamente retornou a Roma, onde a epidemia ainda ocorria.[2] Quando o navio já estava em Roma, ainda no Tibre, a cobra fugiu novamente e desapareceu numa ilha, marcando o local onde o templo seria construído. As obras começaram novamente e a inauguração ocorreu em 289 a.C.. Logo depois, a epidemia arrefeceu.[3]

Em memória do evento, a frente da ilha foi também remodelada para imitar um trirreme. Um obelisco marcava o centro da ilha, em frente ao templo, imitando um mastro e blocos de travertino foram colocados ao longo das margens para criar a imagem de uma proa e uma popa. Diversas outras estruturas foram construídas na ilha para abrigar os doentes, como evidenciam as diversas inscrições e imagens votivas encontradas por toda parte.

Vestígios

O templo foi destruído durante a Idade Média e já em 1000, a igreja de San Bartolomeo all'Isola foi construída sobre as ruínas por ordem de Otão III. O poço medieval perto do altar da igreja parece ter sido o mesmo utilizado para fornecer água aos doentes no período romano, como mencionado por Festo, um autor do século II. O Hospital Faterbenefratelli foi construído depois em frente à igreja.

Pouco resta do templo propriamente dito &mhdas; alguns fragmentos do obelisco atualmente estão em Nápoles e Munique e alguns blocos de travertino foram reutilizados em edifícios modernos da ilha, incluindo um relevo do bordão de Asclépio.

Referências

  1. Macadam, Alta; Barber, Annabel (2010). Blue Guide: Rome. London: Somerset Books. 231 páginas. ISBN 9781905131389 
  2. Gruen, Eric S. (1996). Studies in Greek Culture and Roman Policy. Berkeley: University of California Press. 8 páginas. ISBN 0520204832 
  3. Aurélio Vítor, De Viris Illustribus, 22.

Bibliografia

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