Televisão no Irã

A televisão foi introduzida no Irã em 1958, quando a TVI (Televisão Irã) foi estabelecida em Teerã como um monopólio privado e comercialmente operado, e concedeu uma concessão de cinco anos, repetida por um segundo.[1] Uma filial do sul da televisão Irã, com sede em Abadã, foi criada em 1960.[2] Sua programação incluía programas de perguntas e programas americanos dublados de persa e atraía um público pouco sofisticado. Habib Sabet, Fé bahá'í que era um dos maiores industriais do Irã, foi o fundador da primeira estação de televisão.[3]

Uma rede de televisão nacional separada (NITV), criada em 1966, atendia a um público mais instruído. A TVI foi nacionalizada em 1969, tornando-se um monopólio governamental que empregava cerca de 9.000 pessoas em 1979. A NITV foi então fundida com a Rádio Irã em 1972, formando a Rádio e Televisão Nacional do Irã (NIRT). A programação em cores começou em 1978, embora os Jogos Asiáticos de 1974 tivessem sido transmitidos em cores.

Após a Revolução Islâmica de 1979, o NIRT continuou a existir, mas foi renomeado como "Seda va Sima-ye Jomhouri-e Eslami-ye Irã" (Voz e Visão da República Islâmica do Irã), e conhecido como Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) em inglês.

Embora as antenas parabólicas sejam banidas de acordo com uma lei de 1994,[4] o centro de pesquisa da IRIB estima que elas sejam usadas por até 70% das famílias iranianas.[5]

Apesar de estar repetidamente bloqueado, o canal BBC Persian teve uma audiência semanal de 7,2 milhões em 2011.[6] GEM TV é um dos canais por satélite mais populares no Irã. Baseado em Dubai, é transmitido ilegalmente para o país. Farsi1, uma parte do canal satélite de propriedade da News Corporation, que transmite principalmente comédias e dramas de outros países asiáticos e da América Latina, é uma das estações mais populares do país.

Referências

  1. William Bayne Fisher; P. Avery; G. R. G. Hambly; C. Melville (10 de outubro de 1991). The Cambridge History of Iran. [S.l.]: Cambridge University Press. p. 810–811. ISBN 978-0-521-20095-0 
  2. Hamid Naficy (16 de setembro de 2011). A Social History of Iranian Cinema, Volume 2: The Industrializing Years, 1941–1978. [S.l.]: Duke University Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-8223-4774-3 
  3. «Habib Sabet Is Dead; An Iranian Altruist And Industrialist, 86». The New York Times. p. 30 
  4. «Iran Prohibits Satellite Dishes To Bar U.S. TV». The New York Times. p. 6 
  5. «Iran: Regime admits over 40% Iranians view satellite TV despite crackdown». NCRI. Consultado em 17 de dezembro de 2013 
  6. «BBC Persian audience doubles to 6m». The Guardian. Consultado em 17 de dezembro de 2013 

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