Søren Sørensen

Søren Sørensen
Søren Sørensen
pH
Nascimento 9 de janeiro de 1868
Havrebjerg
Morte 12 de fevereiro de 1939 (71 anos)
Copenhaga
Nacionalidade dinamarquês
Cidadania Reino da Dinamarca
Filho(a)(s) Arthur Arnholtz
Alma mater
Ocupação químico
Distinções Medalha H. C. Ørsted (1909)
Empregador(a) Universidade de Copenhague, Universidade Técnica da Dinamarca
Instituições Laboratório de Carlsberg
Campo(s) química

Søren Peter Lauritz Sørensen (Havrebjerg, 9 de janeiro de 186812 de fevereiro de 1939) foi um químico dinamarquês, famoso pela introdução do conceito de pH, uma escala para medir acidez e alcalinidade.

Vida pessoal

SPL Sørensen nasceu em Havrebjerg, Dinamarca em 1868. Filho de um agricultor, começou seus estudos na Universidade de Copenhagen aos 18 anos. Queria seguir carreira na medicina, mas sob a influência do químico S. M. Jørgensen decidiu para mudar para a química.[1]

Enquanto estudava para o doutorado, trabalhou como assistente de química no laboratório do Instituto Politécnico Dinamarquês, auxiliou em um levantamento geológico da Dinamarca e também trabalhou como consultor para o Estaleiro Naval Real.[1]

Ele foi casado duas vezes. Sua segunda esposa foi Margrethe Høyrup Sørensen, que colaborou com ele em seus estudos.[1]

Trabalho

De 1901 a 1938, Sørensen foi chefe do prestigioso laboratório Carlsberg, Copenhagen.[2] Enquanto trabalhava no Laboratório Carlsberg, ele estudou o efeito da concentração de íons nas proteínas,[3] e como a concentração de íons de hidrogênio era particularmente importante, ele introduziu a escala de pH como uma forma simples de expressá-la em 1909.[4] O artigo no qual ele introduziu a escala (usando a notação pH)[5] descreveu dois métodos para medir a acidez que Sørensen e seus alunos refinaram.[6] O primeiro método era baseado em eletrodos, enquanto o segundo envolvia a comparação das cores das amostras e um conjunto pré-selecionado de indicadores.[nota 1]

Referências

  1. a b c "Quem foi o cientista inovador por trás da escala de pH?" . The Independent
  2. "Sørensen, Søren Peter Lauritz (1868-1939)" 100 Distintos Químicos Europeus . Associação Europeia de Ciências Químicas e Moleculares.
  3. "Søren Sørenson" . Instituto de História da Ciência
  4. Alberty, Robert; Silbey, Robert (1996). Physical Chemistry (segunda ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 244. ISBN 978-0-471-10428-5.
  5. From p. 134: "Die Größe der Wasserstoffionenkonzentration … und die Bezeichnung pH für den numerischen Wert des Exponent dieser Potenz benütze." (The magnitude of the hydrogen ion concentration is accordingly expressed by the normality factor of the solution concerned, based on the hydrogen ions, and this factor is written in the form of a negative power of 10. By the way, as I refer [to it] in a following section (see p. 159), I just want to point out here that I use the name "hydrogen ion exponent" and the notation pH for the numerical value of the exponent of this power.) From pp. 159–160: "Für die Zahl p schlage ich den Namen "Wasserstoffionenexponent" … Normalitätsfaktors der Lösung verstanden." (For the number p I suggest the name "hydrogen ion exponent" and the notation pH. By the hydrogen ion exponent (pH) of a solution is thus understood the Brigg's logarithm of the reciprocal value of the normality factor of the solution, based on the hydrogen ions.)
  6. Nielsen, Anita Kildebæk (2001). "S.P.L. Sørensen" (in Danish). Biokemisk forening. Retrieved 2007-01-09.
Notas
  1. (Sørensen, 1909). Starting on p. 139, "4. Meßmethoden zur Bestimmung der Wasserstoffionenkonzentration." (4. Methods of measurement for the determination of hydrogen ion concentration.), Sørensen reviewed a series of methods for measuring hydrogen ion concentration. He rejected all of them except two. From p. 144: "Es gibt noch zwei Verfahrungsweisen, … bzw. die colorimetrische Methode genannt." (There are still two procedures by which the hydrogen or hydroxyl ion concentration of a solution can be determined; namely, gas chain measurement and determination by means of indicators, also called the electrometric or colorimetric method.) On pp. 145–146, Sørensen outlined the electrometric and colorimetric methods. From p. 145: "Die elektrometrische Methode. Wird eine mit Platin-schwarz bedeckte Platinplatte in eine wäßerige … von der Wasserstoffionenkonzentration der Lösung abhängt.1)" (The electrometric method. If a platinum plate that's covered with platinum black is dipped into an aqueous – acidic, neutral, or alkaline – solution and if the solution is saturated with hydrogen, then one finds, between the platinum plate and the solution, a voltage difference whose magnitude depends on the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution according to a law. (1. Nernst, Walther (1889) "Die elektromotorische Wirksamkeit der Ionen" (The electromotive activity of ions) Zeitschrift für physikalische Chemie, 4 (2): 129–181.)) From pp. 145: "Die colorimetrische Methode. Der Umschlag des Indicators bei einer gewöhnlichen Titrierung bedeutet ja, wie bekannt, daß die Konzentration der Wasserstoffionen der vorliegenden Lösung eine gewisse Größe von der einen oder der anderen Seite her erreicht oder überschritten hat." (The colorimetric method. The sudden change of the indicator during a typical titration means, as is known, that the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution at hand has reached or exceeded – from one direction or the other – a certain magnitude.) From p. 146: "Die Grundlage ist seit langer Zeit bekannt, … eine vollständige Reihe Indikatoren mit Umschlagspunkten bei den verschiedensten Ionenkonzentrationen zusammenzustellen." (The basis [of the colorimetric method] has been known for a long time, but the scattered material was first struggled through and perfected at certain points by the beautiful investigations of [Hans] Friedenthal [1870-1942] and [Eduard] Salm, so that it became possible for them to assemble a complete series of indicators with transition points at the most varied ion concentrations.) On pp. 150ff, the electrometric method is detailed; on pp. 201ff, the colorimetric method is detailed.

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