Seio pré-auricular

Seio pré-auricular (ou coloboma auris) é o nome que se dá a um pequeno orifício no topo da hélice da orelha de algumas poucas pessoas, geralmente com 1 a 1,5 mm de profundidade e que termina cega. Foi descrita pela primeira vez por Heusingerl e Virchow, no ano de 1864.[1]

Assim como as covinhas, é considerada uma malformação congénita, e alguns cientistas acreditam que esse é um resíduo evolutivo, remanescente em evolução de brânquias de peixes.[2] Apenas 0,1% da população dos EUA tem esse orifício, no Reino Unido a estatística é de 0,9% na África e Ásia varia de 4 a 10% das pessoas e na Coreia do Sul, esse número ultrapassa 5%.[3] A ocorrência é maior em mulheres.Na Nigéria, a prevalência foi de 9,3% em Ilorin, centro-norte da Nigéria.[4]

Desenvolvimento

Se desenvolvem durante a sexta semana de gestação (quando o primeiro e o segundo arcos branquiais se formam) que ocorre espontaneamente ou como herança autossômica dominante. Pesquisadores chineses associaram a variante hereditária ao lócus gênico 8q11.1 - q13.3.[5] Na maioria das vezes, o seio pré-auricular aparece unilateralmente, estando presente bilateralmente em 25–50% dos casos. A orelha direita é afetada com mais frequência, quando ocorre unilateralmente.

Complicações

Ocasionalmente, um seio pré-auricular pode ser infectado.[6] A maioria dos seios pré-auriculares é assintomático, a menos que infeccione com muita frequência.[7] Os seios pré-auriculares podem ser excisados ​​cirurgicamente, mas frequentemente apresentam alto risco de recorrência.[8]

Referências

  1. Meldau, Débora Carvalho (2019). «Coloboma Auris - fístula na orelha». InfoEscola. Consultado em 24 de março de 2021 
  2. Veja, Redação (2016). «Por que algumas pessoas têm um 'furinho' na orelha?». Veja Saúde. Consultado em 24 de março de 2021 
  3. Tan, T.; Constantinides, H.; Mitchell, T.E. (novembro de 2005). «The preauricular sinus: A review of its aetiology, clinical presentation and management». International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology (em inglês) (11): 1469–1474. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2005.07.008. Consultado em 24 de março de 2021 
  4. Adegbiji, W. A.; Alabi, B. S.; Olajuyin, O. A.; Nwawolo, C. C. (dezembro de 2013). «Presentation of Preauricular Sinus and Preauricular Sinus Abscess in Southwest Nigeria». International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS (4): 260–263. ISSN 1550-9702. PMC 3884798Acessível livremente. PMID 24711764. Consultado em 5 de agosto de 2021 
  5. F. Zou, Y. Peng, X. Wang, A. Sun, W. Liu, S. Bai, H. Zhu, B. Gao, G. Feng, L. He: A locus for congenital preauricular fistula maps to chromosome 8q11.1-q13.3. In: Journal of human genetics. Band 48, Nummer 3, 2003, S. 155–158, doi:10.1007/s100380300024, PMID 12624728.
  6. James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. [S.l.]: Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6 
  7. Ludwig, Stephen; Strobel, Stephan; Marks, Stephen D.; Smith, Pete K.; El Habbal, Magdi H.; Spitz, Lewis (2008). Visual Handbook of Pediatrics and Child Health. [S.l.]: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 517. ISBN 978-0-7817-9505-0 
  8. Leopardi G, Chiarella G, Conti S, Cassandro E (2008). «Surgical treatment of recurring preauricular sinus: supra-auricular approach». Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica. 28 (6): 302–5. PMC 2689545Acessível livremente. PMID 19205595 

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