Sally Hemings

Sally Hemings

Nome completo Sarah Hemings
Conhecido(a) por Mulher escrava que teve filhos com Thomas Jefferson
Nascimento c. 1773
Condado de Charles City, Colônia da Virgínia
Morte 1835 (62 anos)
Charlottesville, Virgínia
Estados Unidos
Residência Monticello
Nacionalidade norte-americana
Progenitores Mãe: Betty Hemings
Pai: John Wayles
Parentesco Martha Jefferson (meia-irmã)
Filho(a)(s) Harriet Hemings
Beverley Hemings
Harriet Hemings
Madison Hemings
Eston Hemings

Sarah "Sally" Hemings (c. 17731835) foi uma mulher escravizada de raça mista de propriedade do presidente Thomas Jefferson. A maioria dos historiadores acredita que Jefferson foi o pai de seus seis filhos, nascidos após a morte de sua esposa, Martha Jefferson.[1] Quatro sobreviveram até a idade adulta, e foram libertados por Jefferson.[2]

Quando criança, Sally Hemings chegou à casa de Jefferson como parte da herança de sua esposa Martha. Hemings foi a mais nova de seis irmãos do plantador viúvo John Wayles e uma mulher mestiça que manteve como escrava, Betty Hemings. Sally e seus irmãos eram três quartos europeus e meio-irmãos da esposa de Jefferson.[3] Em 1787, Hemings, de 14 anos, acompanhada filha mais nova de Jefferson, Mary ("Polly") para Londres e depois para Paris, onde o viúvo Jefferson, de 44 anos na época, estava servindo como Ministro dos Estados Unidos na França. Hemings passou dois anos lá. Hemings permaneceu escravizada na casa de Jefferson até sua morte.

A questão histórica de saber se Jefferson era o pai dos filhos de Hemings é conhecida como a controvérsia de Jefferson-Hemings. Após uma análise histórica renovada no final do século 20 e um estudo de DNA de 1998 que encontrou uma correspondência entre a linha masculina Jefferson e um descendente do último filho de Hemings, Eston Hemings, há um consenso próximo entre os historiadores de que Jefferson gerou seu filho, Eston Hemings e provavelmente todos os seus filhos.[4] Um pequeno número de historiadores discorda.[5]

Os filhos de Hemings moravam na casa de Jefferson como escravos e eram treinados como artesãos. Jefferson libertou todas as crianças sobreviventes de Hemings: Beverly, Harriet, Madison e Eston, quando envelheceram (eles eram a única família escrava liberada por Jefferson). Eles eram sete oitavos europeus em ascendência, e três dos quatro entraram na sociedade branca como adultos. Descendentes desses três identificados como brancos.[6][7] Hemings foi "dado seu tempo", viveu seus últimos nove anos livremente com seus dois filhos mais novos em Charlottesville, Virgínia, e viu um neto nascido na casa que seus filhos possuíam.[8]

Referências

  1. «Sally Hemings | Thomas Jefferson's Monticello». www.monticello.org (em inglês). Consultado em 1 de dezembro de 2017 
  2. Gordon-Reed, Annette (1997). Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: An American Controversy. p. 217.
  3. "John Wayles" Arquivado em 2012-07-22 na Archive.today. Monticello. Consultado em 25 de janeiro de 2012.
  4. «Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: A Brief Account | Thomas Jefferson's Monticello». www.monticello.org (em inglês). Consultado em 1 de dezembro de 2017 
  5. "... [w]e have found most of the arguments used to point suspicion toward Thomas Jefferson [as the father of all of Sally Hemings' children] to be unpersuasive and often factually erroneous. Not a single member of our group, after an investigation lasting roughly one year, finds the case against Thomas Jefferson to be highly compelling, and the overwhelming majority of us believe it is very unlikely he fathered any children by Sally Hemings ..."
  6. Gordon-Reed, Annette. The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family. W. W. Norton\date= 2008.
  7. «Last Will and Testament | Thomas Jefferson's Monticello». www.monticello.org (em inglês). Consultado em 1 de dezembro de 2017 
  8. «Bringing Children Out of Egypt | Thomas Jefferson's Monticello». www.monticello.org (em inglês). Consultado em 1 de dezembro de 2017 

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