Religião na Rússia



Religião na Russia em 2017[1]

  Ortodoxia Russa (71%)
  Outros cristãos (2%)
  Sem religião (15%)
  Islã (10%)
  Outras religiões (1%)


Religião na Russia em 2012[2]

  Ortodoxia Russa (41.1%)
  Outros cristãos (6.3%)
  Sem Religião (25.2%)
  Ateus (13%)
  Islã (6.5%)
  Outra religião (2.4%)
  n/a (5.5%)

A Constituição da Rússia Oriental afirma que o país é um Estado laico, porém, a Lei do Parlamento russo (Duma) sobre a religião em 1997, afirma que as quatro religiões tradicionais da Rússia são a Igreja Ortodoxa Russa, o Islã, o Budismo (principalmente lamaísta) e Judaísmo, de modo que todos têm o direito automático a pregar e praticar sua religião em público e em privado, enquanto outras religiões devem executar procedimentos de registro. Contudo, um contrassenso a declaração de estado laico e de liberdade de crença (pregar e praticar sua religião) é a proibição das atividades da Cientologia e das Testemunhas de Jeová na Rússia bem como outros grupos menores por serem considerados extremistas do ponto de vista do país. É também um dos países com o maior número de ateus e agnósticos no mundo. Religiosidade na Rússia é muito étnica, a confissão religiosa é relacionada a um grupo étnico. Assim, a maioria de cristãos ortodoxos são eslavos, a maioria dos muçulmanos são turcos, a maioria dos budistas são mongóis (predominantemente seguidores do budismo mongol). Apenas os judeus representam um grupo étnico por si só. Alguns outros grupos religiosos na Rússia são: católicos romanos, católicos russos, protestantes, neopagãos do leste europeu, animistas, Hare Krishnas e Bahá'ís.

Distribuição dos grupos religiosos

Catedral de São Basílio em Moscou (Praça Vermelha).

Em agosto de 2016, a primeira pesquisa sociológica e mapeamento de adeptos religiosos na Rússia com base na auto-identificação foi publicada, com dados sobre 79 de 83 dos assuntos federais da Rússia. De um população de 142.800.000, a pesquisa constatou que 58,8 milhões ou 41% dos russos são ortodoxos; 10.000.000, ou 6,5% são muçulmanos (incluindo o islamismo sunita, o islamismo xiita, e uma maioria de muçulmanos não afiliados); 5,9 milhões ou 4,1% são cristãos não filiados a uma igreja; 2.100.000 ou 1,5% aderem a outras Igrejas Ortodoxas (incluindo Igreja Ortodoxa Ucraniana, Igreja Ortodoxa Georgiana, Igreja Apostólica Arménia, entre outras); 1,7 milhões ou 1,2% são os pagãos (incluindo o Neopaganismo eslavo, Neopaganismo caucasiano e Neopaganismo urálicos) ou Tengriismo (turco-mongóis religiões xamânicas e novas religiões); 400.000, ou 0,2% são ortodoxos Velhos crentes; 300.000 ou 0,2% são protestantes; 140.000 são adeptos de religiões orientais, incluindo hindus e krishnaitas; 140.000 são católicos romanos e greco-católicos; 140.000 são judeus. A Fé Bahá'í, que na Rússia é (Вера Бахаи), possui, de acordo com a Associação de Arquivos de Dados de Religião, um número de cerca de 18.990 de adeptos, em 2005. A população restante é formado por 36 milhões de pessoas ou 25% "espirituais mas não religiosos"; 18,6 milhões de pessoas ou 13% ateus e não religiosos; e 7,9 milhões de pessoas ou 5,5% do total da população que consideram-se "indecisas".

Referências

  1. «Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe». Pewforum.org. Consultado em 25 de abril de 2020 
  2. «Арена: Атлас религий и национальностей» [Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities] (PDF). Среда (Sreda). 2012  See also the results' main interactive mapping and the static mappings: «Religions in Russia by federal subject» (Mapa). Ogonek. 34 (5243). 27 de agosto de 2012. Cópia arquivada em 21 de abril de 2017  The Sreda Arena Atlas was realised in cooperation with the All-Russia Population Census 2010 (Всероссийской переписи населения 2010), the Russian Ministry of Justice (Минюста РФ), the Public Opinion Foundation (Фонда Общественного Мнения) and presented among others by the Analytical Department of the Synodal Information Department of the Russian Orthodox Church. See: «Проект АРЕНА: Атлас религий и национальностей» [Project ARENA: Atlas of religions and nationalities]. Russian Journal. 10 de dezembro de 2012 

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