Relações entre China e Iraque

Relações entre China e Iraque
Bandeira da China   Bandeira do Iraque
Mapa indicando localização da China e do Iraque.
Mapa indicando localização da China e do Iraque.
  China
  Iraque

As relações entre China e Iraque referem-se a relação bilateral entre a China e o Iraque. As relações entre os dois países continuam muito próximas e amigáveis.

História

As relações entre o Iraque e a China foram estabelecidas após a revolução iraquiana de 1958, que derrubou a monarquia e estabeleceu uma república. As relações entre os dois países foram formalmente estabelecidas em 25 de agosto de 1958.[1] [2] Durante a década de 1960, as relações entre ambos seriam reforçadas, já que o Iraque havia comprado muitas armas soviéticas e chinesas durante a Guerra dos Seis Dias e a Guerra do Yom Kipur com Israel. Porém também durante este período houve caos uma vez que o governo iraquiano tinha passado por vários golpes militares e tentativas de golpes. Em 1971, o Iraque apoiou a candidatura da China para um assento permanente nas Nações Unidas e votou a favor de admitir Pequim e substituir Taipei. Durante a Guerra Irã-Iraque de 1980 a 1988, a China foi um dos principais fornecedores a todos os lados na guerra. De fato, a China jogou em ambos os lados durante a guerra e tinha enviado armas para o Irã e para o Iraque. [3]

Durante a Guerra do Golfo Pérsico de 1991, a China condenou a invasão do Kuwait pelo Iraque e apoiou fortemente a ação militar da Coalizão. Mas depois da Guerra do Golfo, a China foi descoberta por oficiais estadunidenses estar violando as resoluções das Nações Unidas sobre a Guerra do Golfo e que a China estava começando a rearmar o Iraque. [4]

História recente

A China se opôs fortemente a Guerra do Iraque em 2003 e, juntamente com a França, a Alemanha e a Rússia haviam condenado fortemente a invasão e ocupação e solicitado pela retirada de todas as forças do país. Os quatro países uniram-se contra os Estados Unidos e o Reino Unido e recusaram-se a contribuir com quaisquer tropas para o Iraque, a menos que houvesse um mandato das Nações Unidas. [5] Apesar da oposição à invasão e à ocupação estadunidense do país, a China emergiu como um dos maiores vencedores dos contratos de petróleo iraquiano. Empresas chinesas e russas surgiram como as maiores vencedoras nas licitações para o petróleo do Iraque. As empresas chinesas estavam dispostas a operar com contratos baseados em taxas de 20 anos, que ofereciam menores margens de lucro do que as empresas ocidentais desejavam. [6]

Em 2013, a China comprou quase metade da produção de petróleo iraquiana, aproximadamente 1,5 milhão de barris por dia. [7]

Referências

  1. «Bilateral Relations between China and Iraq». Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Republic of Iraq 
  2. Energy First - China and the Middle East dictated by her thirst for oil by Jin Liangxiang, Middle East Quarterly
  3. Trade sanctions add tension to Sino-American relations - The Hour - 24 de outubro de 1987
  4. U.S. to China: Improve human rights to mend ties - Chicago Tribune
  5. Commentary: Will the World Pattern Change? - Beijing Time, 4 de abril de 2003
  6. Pepe Escobar (16 de dezembro de 2009). «Iraq's oil auction hits the jackpot». Asia Times 
  7. Tim Arango and Clifford Krauss (2 de Junho de 2013). «China Is Reaping Biggest Benefits of Iraq Oil Boom». New York Times 
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