Radical (linguística)

Radical é um morfema básico[1] (que mostra o sentido básico da palavra),[2] indivisível (porém existem palavras cujo radical se altera, como na conjugação de verbos anômalos) e comum a uma[3] série de palavras.[1] Também pode ser classificado como um morfema lexical.[4]

Um radical, na maioria das vezes, pode ser extraído através de comparações feitas entre várias palavras de uma mesma família (o que também poderíamos chamar de cognatos). O radical retém o significado básico da palavra, é o núcleo. Através dele, parte do significado de uma palavra pode ser compreendido, mesmo a palavra sendo desconhecida (porém, deve-se prestar atenção no contexto em que a palavra foi inserida). Radical é a palavra fixa e invariável que serve de base para todas as palavras da mesma família.

Exemplos:

"Os editores da Wikipédia estão frequentemente fazendo revisão de artigos."

Observação: as partes em negrito são radicais. Na palavra revisão, equivocadamente, pode-se considerar como radical a partícula -revi. No entanto, há que se considerar que trata-se de uma palavra derivada de visão, portanto, -re é um prefixo, acrescido ao radical -vis.

Raiz e radical

Raiz[5] é o constituinte da palavra que contém significado lexical mas não inclui afixos derivacionais ou flexionais (cf. carr-, raiz nominal de carro). Já o radical é o constituinte da palavra com significado lexical que não inclui afixos de flexão, mas que pode incluir afixos derivacionais.[6]

O termo 'radical' é, às vezes, também chamado de raiz, o que pode ser uma referência ao morfema básico, sem incluir outros morfemas derivacionais ou flexionais. Por exemplo: amor (radical, como uma referência mais semântica) → am (raiz, como uma referência mais gramatical).

Observação: não confundir com "raiz" como uma referência à origem da palavra, pois, em alguns contextos, esse termo tem um significado diferente na etimologia, mesmo que muito próximo do significado aqui apresentado.

Ver também

Referências

  1. a b Mesquita, Roberto Melo; Martos, Cloder Rivas (1994). Português - Linguagem & Realidade. 1 3 ed. São Paulo: Saraiva. p. 113. ISBN 85-02-01251-7 
  2. Abaurre, Maria Luiza; Pontara, Marcela Nogueira; Fadel, Tatiana (2005). Português: língua e literatura. 1 2 ed. São Paulo: Moderna. p. 157. ISBN 85-16-03845-9 
  3. vieira, miguel (2014). radicas 23 ed. casa: porto editora. p. 12 
  4. J.N.H. «Morfema lexical/radical». Consultado em 5 de outubro de 2013 
  5. Santana, Messias (2012). «Grupo de Morfologia Histórica do Português» (PDF). Dois olhares sobre as palavras cognatas. Universidade de São Paulo. Consultado em 7 de julho de 2018. Raiz: é a base fonético-semântico-cultural das palavras, morfologicamente indivisível, foneticamente variável e semanticamente aberta 
  6. Carla Viana. «Raiz, radical, tema e vogal temática». Consultado em 5 de outubro de 2013 

Ligações externas

Wikilivros
Wikilivros
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