Propulsor de combustível sólido do ônibus espacial

Visão esquemática de um
Solid Rocket Booster (SRB).

Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster ou simplesmente Solid Rocket Booster (SRB), é a designação dos foguetes auxiliares usados para compor o veículo de lançamento dos ônibus espaciais. Nesses veículos era usado um par desses foguetes de combustível sólido para dar um empuxo extra durante os dois primeiros minutos de voo.[1]

Juntos, esse dois foguetes auxiliares forneciam 83% do empuxo de partida do ônibus espacial. Os SRBs foram os maiores foguetes movidos a combustível sólido já lançados em toda a história, e também os primeiros a ser usados para propulsão principal em missões tripuladas.[1]

O principal contratante para a fabricação dos segmentos dos motores dos SRBs foi a Thiokol Corporation. Para os demais componentes, a principal contratante foi a USBI, uma subsidiária da Pratt & Whitney. Esse segundo contrato foi mais tarde repassado para a United Space Alliance, uma empresa de responsabilidade limitada criada pela Boeing e pela Lockheed Martin.

Mais de 5 000 partes de um SRB eram recondicionadas para reaproveitamento após cada voo. Prova disso é que partes de um SRB usado na primeira missão, a STS-1, foram usadas na última, a STS-135. Além disso, num exemplo mais recente, partes reaproveitas de SRBs, foram usadas em testes do veículo Ares I.[2] Em conjunto, o veículo Ares 1 DM-1, incluiu componentes de SRBs usados em 48 voos distintos dos ônibus espaciais e de 5 testes estáticos.[3]

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ a b «Solid Rocket Boosters». NASA. Consultado em 6 de fevereiro de 2014 
  2. ↑ «NASA and ATK Successfully Test Ares First Stage Motor». NASA. Consultado em 6 de fevereiro de 2014 
  3. ↑ «NASA Ares I First Stage Motor to be Tested August 27». NASA. Consultado em 6 de fevereiro de 2014 

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