Principado da Transilvânia



Principado da Transilvânia

1570 – 1711
Flag Brasão
Bandeira Brasão
Continente Europa
Região Sudeste da Europa
País Romênia
Capital Gyulafehérvár 1571-1692
Nagyszeben 1692-1711
Língua oficial Latim (usado na administração, ciência e política);
húngaro, alemão, romeno, iídiche (vernáculo).
Religião Catolicismo romano, calvinismo, luteranismo, ortodoxia oriental, unitarismo, judaísmo
Governo Principado
Governantes da Transilvânia
 • 1571-1586 Estêvão Báthory (primeiro)
 • 1704-1711 Francisco II Rákóczi (último)
História
 • 1570 Fundação
 •  Os húngaros asseguram o seu domínio sobre a Transilvânia no século XI.[1]
 • 1711 Dissolução

O Principado da Transilvânia foi um Estado semi-independente, sob a suserania do Império Otomano, governado principalmente por príncipes calvinistas húngaros. Existiu de 1570 a 1711.

Reino Húngaro Oriental e família Szapolyai

A partilha da Hungria entre os impérios Habsburgo e Otomano durou mais de 150 anos,[2] depois da Batalha de Mohács, em 1526.

Em 29 de agosto de 1526 o exército do sultão Solimão do Império Otomano infligiu uma derrota decisiva nas forças húngaras em Mohács. João Zápolya, que se dirigiu ao campo de batalha com um exército considerável, não participou da batalha por motivos obscuros. O jovem rei Luís II da Hungria e Boêmia foi morto em combate, assim como muitos de seus soldados. Szapolyai foi eleito rei da Hungria, enquanto Fernando da Casa dos Habsburgo alegou ter direito ao trono do país. Na disputa que se seguiu Szapolyai recebeu o apoio de Solimão - que após a morte do primeiro, em 1540, ocupou Buda e a Hungria central, sob o pretexto de proteger João II Zápolya, filho de João I Zápolya. A Hungria agora estava dividida em três partes: o oeste e o norte da Hungria Real, a Hungria Otomana e o Reino Húngaro Oriental, sob suserania otomana, que posteriormente se tornou o Principado da Transilvânia, onde as influências austríacas e turcas disputaram a supremacia por quase dois séculos. Os magnatas húngaros da Transilvânia precisaram recorrer a uma política de duplicidade para preservar sua independência.

Principado da Transilvânia.

Referências

  1. «Transylvania». Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2008. Consultado em 26 de junho de 2008 
  2. A Country Study: Hungary. [S.l.]: Federal Research Division, Biblioteca do Congresso dos Estados Unidos. Consultado em 11 de janeiro de 2009 

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