Pedra verde

Bastão de pedra verde, 1550 - 1600, da cultura tairona da actual Colômbia.
Machado cerimonial em jade de Tobago

Pedra verde é uma termo genérico para minerais e rochas ígneas metamorfizadas, esverdeados e valiosos, que eram utilizados por culturas antigas na elaboração de joalharia, estatuetas, ferramentas rituais, e vários outros artefactos. Os artefactos de pedra verde podem ser feitos de xisto verde, clorastrolite, serpentina, onfacite, crisoprase, olivina, nefrite, cloromelanite, entre outros.[1] O termo abrange também o jade e jadetito, embora estes sejam mais frequentemente identificados por estas últimas designações.[2]

Estes materiais esverdeados foram presumivelmente seleccionados pela sua cor e não pela sua composição química. Assim, em arqueologia, a existência de um termo de aplicação vaga é pelo menos parcialmente influenciada pela observação de que as culturas antigas muitas vezes usavam e consideravam estes vários materiais esverdeados como intercambiáveis.[3]

O tom esverdeado destas pedras deriva geralmente da presença de minerais como a clorite, horneblenda ou epídoto.[4]

A China Antiga e a Mesoamérica são particularmente conhecidas pela prevalência e significância do uso de pedra verde (sobretudo jade). As pedras verdes também ocupam lugar de destaque nas culturas indígenas do sudeste da Austrália e entre os maoris da Nova Zelândia.[4]

Referências

  1. Ver "Glossary" in Hendon & Joyce (2004, p.327); também Kipler (2000, pp.217–218).
  2. Kipler (2000, pp.217–218); Pool (2007, p.150)
  3. Kipler (2000, pp.217–218)
  4. a b Kipler (2000, p.218)

Bibliografia

Hendon, Julia A.; and Rosemary A. Joyce (eds.) (2004). Mesoamerican Archaeology: Theory and Practice. Col: Blackwell Studies in Global Archaeology. Oxford, UK and Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0-631-23051-3. OCLC 51536572  templatestyles stripmarker character in |coautor= at position 5 (ajuda); templatestyles stripmarker character in |autor= at position 1 (ajuda)
Kipler, Barbara Ann (2000). «Greenstone». Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. pp. 217–218. ISBN 0-306-46158-7. OCLC 42692203  templatestyles stripmarker character in |autor= at position 1 (ajuda)
Pool, Christopher A. (2007). Olmec Archaeology and Early Mesoamerica. Col: Cambridge World Archaeology. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-78882-3. OCLC 68965709  templatestyles stripmarker character in |autor= at position 1 (ajuda)

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