Ordoviciano

Período Ordoviciano
485.4–443.8 milhões de anos
Teor médio de o2 atmosférico durante o período ca. 13.5 Vol %[1]
(68 % do nível atual)
Teor médio do CO2 atmosférico durante o período ca. 4200 ppm[2]
(15 vezes o nível pré-industrial)
Temperatura média da superfície durante o período ca. 16 °C[3]
(2 °C acima do nível atual)
Nível do mar (acima dos dias de hoje) 180m; subindo para 220m no Caradoc e caindo acentuadamente para 140m nas glaciações do final do Ordoviciano[4]


Na escala de tempo geológico, o Ordoviciano ou Ordovícico é o período da era Paleozoica do éon Fanerozoico que está compreendido há entre 488 a 443 milhões de anos aproximadamente. O período Ordoviciano sucede o período Cambriano e precede o período Siluriano, ambos de sua era. Divide-se nas épocas Ordoviciana Inferior, Ordoviciana Média e Ordoviciana Superior, da mais antiga para a mais recente.

Os limites do Ordoviciano são marcados pela ocorrência de graptozoários planctônicos. As rochas são geralmente os argilitos escuros, orgânico que carregam os restos dos graptólitos e podem ter sulfeto de ferro. Naquele período os terremotos eram frequentes.

Paleogeografia

No período Ordoviciano os Continentes ainda eram desérticos , rebaixados por epirogênese e invadidos por extensos mares rasos; o norte dos trópicos era quase inteiramente oceano, e a maior parte terrestre do mundo foi confinada ao sul, o supercontinente Gondwana. Durante todo o Ordoviciano, Gondwana foi deslocado para o polo sul e muito dele ficou debaixo d'água. Os graptozoários comuns nesse período são ótimos fósseis guias pois delimitam zonas biostratigráficas.

O clima do ordoviciano era mais suave com temperaturas médias e a atmosfera muito úmida.

Fauna e flora

Durante o Ordoviciano, os invertebrados ainda são as formas de vida animal dominantes, porém com formas mais "semelhantes" às atuais do que as do Cambriano.

  • Os graptólitos graptoloides surgem no Ordovícico inferior.

O Ordoviciano é o mais conhecido pela presença de seus invertebrados marinhos diversos, incluindo graptozoários, trilobites (estes atingiram seu auge neste período) e braquiópodes. Uma comunidade marinha típica conviveu com estes animais, algas vermelhas e verdes, peixes primitivos, cefalópodes, corais, crinóides, e gastrópodes. Mas recentemente, houve a evidência de esporos trietes que são similares àqueles de plantas primitivas terrestres, sugerindo que as plantas invadiram a terra neste período. A evolução dos protocordados desenvolveram os primeiros peixes sem mandíbulas. Entre os artrópodes ocorre o surgimento dos escorpiões do mar.

Clima

Se estima que o clima no período foi predominantemente tropical. Em muitos lugares as temperaturas alcançavam 40-50 °C e algumas vezes até 60°C. As temperaturas elevadas permaneceram até o final do Ordovícico, quando ocorreu uma glaciação massiva que alcançou todos os continentes, principalmente a Gondwana, momento em que foram extintas muitas das espécies surgidas neste período - ver extinção do Ordoviciano-Siluriano.

Ver também

Referências

  1. Imagem:Sauerstoffgehalt-1000mj.svg
  2. Imagem:Phanerozoic Carbon Dioxide.png
  3. Imagem:All palaeotemps.png
  4. Haq, B. U.; Schutter, SR (2008). «A Chronology of Paleozoic Sea-Level Changes». Science. 322 (5898): 64–68. PMID 18832639. doi:10.1126/science.1161648 

Precedido por
Cambriano
Ordoviciano
488 - 443
milhões de anos
Sucedido por
Siluriano
O Commons possui uma categoria com imagens e outros ficheiros sobre Ordoviciano
Precedido por Éon Proterozoico Éon Fanerozoico
Era Paleozoica Era Mesozoica Era Cenozoica
Cambriano Ordoviciano Siluriano Devoniano Carbonífero Permiano Triássico Jurássico Cretáceo Paleogénico Neogénico Quaternário

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