O ataque de John Brown a Harpers Ferry

Ataque de John Brown a Harpers Ferry
Parte de prelúdio da Guerra Civil Americana

Ilustração da Harper's Weekly dos fuzileiros navais americanos atacando o "Forte" de John Brown
Período 1618 de outubro de 1859
Local Harpers Ferry, Virgínia
(atualmente na Virgínia Ocidental)
Características Tentativa de incitar uma rebelião de escravos
Resultado Vitória do governo americano
Participantes do conflito
Estados Unidos Guerrilheiros de John Brown
Milícias abolicionistas
Líderes
Robert E. Lee
Israel Greene
J. E. B. Stuart
John Brown  Executado
Shields Green  Executado
John Henry Kagi  
Forças
88 fuzileiros americanos
Milícias da Virgínia e Maryland
17 americanos brancos
2 afro-americanos libertos
3 afro-americanos fugitivos
pelo menos 2 homens negros escravizados locais
Baixas
Fuzileiros:
  • 1 morto
  • 1 ferido

Milícias da Virgínia e Maryland:

  • 8 feridos
11 mortos em combate
1 morreu na prisão
5 escaparam
7 capturados e posteriormente executados
Civis: 6 mortos e 9 feridos

O Ataque de John Brown a Harpers Ferry [2] foi um esforço do abolicionista John Brown, de 16 a 18 de outubro de 1859, para iniciar uma revolta de escravos nos estados do sul, assumindo o controle do arsenal dos Estados Unidos em Harpers Ferry, Virgínia (desde 1863, Virgínia Ocidental ). Foi chamado de ensaio geral ou prelúdio trágico da Guerra Civil.[3] :5

O partido de 22 pessoas de Brown foi derrotado por uma companhia de fuzileiros navais dos EUA, liderada pelo primeiro-tenente Israel Greene.[4] Dez dos invasores foram mortos durante a operação, sete foram julgados e executados posteriormente e cinco escaparam. Vários dos presentes no ataque estariam mais tarde envolvidos na Guerra Civil: o coronel Robert E. Lee estava no comando geral da operação para retomar o arsenal. Stonewall Jackson e Jeb Stuart estavam entre as tropas que guardavam Brown preso,[3] e John Wilkes Booth foi um espectador da execução de Brown. John Brown havia originalmente convidado Harriet Tubman e Frederick Douglass, que ele conheceu em seus anos de transformação como abolicionista em Springfield, Massachusetts, para se juntarem a ele em seu ataque, mas Tubman foi impedida por doença e Douglass recusou, pois acreditava que Brown's plano era suicida.[5]

Referências

  1. Por exemplo, "Relatório do Coronel Robert E. Lee sobre o Ataque em Harper's Ferry, 19 de outubro de 1859"; Horace Greeley, The American Conflict: A History of the Great Rebellion in the United States of America, 1860–64. Volume: 1 (1866). p. 279; French Ensor Chadwick, Causes of the Civil War, 1859–1861 (1906) p. 74; Allan Nevins, The Emergence of Lincoln (1950) vol. 2 ch. 3; James M. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era (1988), p. 201; Stephen W. Sears, Landscape Turned Red: The Battle of Antietam (2003) p. 116.
  2. Anteriormente soletrado como Harper's Ferry[1]
  3. a b Horwitz, Tony (2011). Midnight Rising: John Brown and the Raid That Sparked the Civil War. [S.l.]: Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 978-0805091533 
  4. Green[e], Israel (Dezembro de 1885). «The Capture of John Brown». North American Review: 564–569. Consultado em 16 de janeiro de 2021. Cópia arquivada em 23 de janeiro de 2021 
  5. Taylor, Marian (2004). Harriet Tubman: Antislavery Activist. [S.l.]: Chelsea House Publishers. pp. 68–69. ISBN 978-0-7910-8340-6 

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