Neuromielite óptica

Neuromielite óptica
Especialidade neurologia
Frequência 0.00191% (Hungria), 0.00104% (Suécia)
Classificação e recursos externos
CID-10 G36.0
CID-9 341.0
CID-11 744293382
DiseasesDB 29470
MeSH D009471
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A neuromielite óptica, também conhecida como doença de Devic ou síndrome de Devic é uma doença inflamatória autoimune na qual o próprio sistema imunitário ataca os nervos ópticos e a espinal medula. Isto leva à inflamação do nervo óptico (neurite óptica) e da espinal medula (mielite). Embora a inflamação possa também afectar o cérebro, o tipo de lesões é diferente daquelas observadas na esclerose múltipla.[1] As lesões na espinal medula estão na origem de vários graus de fraqueza muscular ou paralisia dos membros, perda de sensação (incluindo cegueira), e/ou disfunções no funcionamento da bexiga e intestinos.[2]

A neuromielite óptica é uma doença rara que se assemelha à esclerose múltipla sob vários aspectos, embora requeira tratamento diferente.[2] Tem também sido levantada a hipótese de se tratar de uma variante de encefalomielite aguda disseminada.[3] O alvo provável do ataque autoimune é uma proteína das células do sistema nervoso chamada aquaporin 4.[4]

Referências

  1. ↑ Pittock SJ, Weinshenker BG, Lucchinetti CF, Wingerchuk DM, Corboy JR, Lennon VA (2006). «Neuromyelitis optica brain lesions localized at sites of high aquaporin 4 expression». Arch. Neurol. 63 (7): 964–968. PMID 16831965. doi:10.1001/archneur.63.7.964 
  2. ↑ a b Wingerchuk, DM (2006). «Neuromyelitis optica». The International MS Journal. 13 (2): 42–50. PMID 16635421 
  3. ↑ Lennon VA, Wingerchuk DM, Kryzer TJ; et al. (2004). «A serum autoantibody marker of neuromyelitis optica: distinction from multiple sclerosis». Lancet. 364 (9451): 2106–2112. PMID 15589308. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17551-X 
  4. ↑ Lennon VA, Kryzer TJ, Pittock SJ, Verkman AS, Hinson SR (2005). «IgG marker of optic-spinal multiple sclerosis binds to the aquaporin-4 water channel». J. Exp. Med. 202 (4): 473–477. PMC 2212860Acessível livremente. PMID 16087714. doi:10.1084/jem.20050304 

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